PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian Subages	Devonian of Germany	Carboniferous Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of China			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Britain	European Faunal Units	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6				Saintaugustinean									0
		Meghalayan					Santarosean									0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean									0.014
		Chibanian					Rancholabrean									0.129
		Chibanian					Irvingtonian									0.21
		Calabrian					Irvingtonian									0.774
		Calabrian					Blancan									1.4
		Gelasian													MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Villanyian	MN 16	2.58
														Ruscinian	MN 16	3.1 *
															MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean													MN 15	3.6
															MN 14	4.2
							Hemphillian								MN 14	4.7
															MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian												Turolian	MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian						Pannonian							MN 12	7.246
															MN 11	7.75
														Vallesian	MN 10	8.7
							Clarendonian								MN 10	9.4
															MN 9	9.7
															MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5					Sarmatian						Astaracian		11.63
							Barstovian	Sarmatian								12.5
								Badenian							MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian													MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian												Orleanian	MN 4	15.98
							Hemingfordian								MN 4	16.3
							Hemingfordian								MN 3	16.9
							Arikareean								MN 3	18.5
														Agenian	MN 2	20
		Aquitanian													MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian													MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4													23.03
		Rupelian														27.82
							Whitneyan									29.5
							Orellan									31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3				Chadronian									33.9
		Priabonian					Duchesnean									37
		Bartonian					Duchesnean									37.71
		Bartonian					Uintan									39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2				Uintan									41.2
		Lutetian					Bridgerian									46.2
		Ypresian					Bridgerian									47.8
							Wasatchian									50.5
							Clarkforkian									54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1				Clarkforkian									56
		Thanetian					Tiffanian									56.2
		Selandian					Tiffanian									59.2
		Selandian					Torrejonian									60.9
		Danian					Torrejonian									61.6
		Danian					Puercan									63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8													66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7													72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6													83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4													100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3													113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2													121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4	168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Wordian		Noginskian	264.9 *
		Roadian	Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
		Kungurian		Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian		Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian		Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian		303.7
				Khamovnikian		304.8
				Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Middle Pennsylvanian	Myachkovian	307
					Podolskian	308.9 *
					Kashirian	311.4 *
					Vereian	313.8
					Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	Melekessian	315.2
					Cheremshanian	316.9 *
					Prikamian	318.6 *
					Severokeltmian	319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
					Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Late Mississippian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
					Protvian	324.4 *
					Steshevian	326.8 *
					Tarusian	329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Middle Mississippian	Venevian	330.9
					Mikhailovian	331.9 *
					Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Tulian	335.8 *
					Bobrikian	339.9 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian	Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
					Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	Late Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
				Middle Famennian				365.3 *
				Early Famennian				368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4	Late Frasnian	Adorf			372.2
				Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
				Early Frasnian				379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Late Givetian	Givetian			382.7
				Middle Givetian				383.7 *
				Early Givetian				385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian	Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian	Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Late Emsian	Emsian			393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2	Early Emsian	Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1	Pragian	Siegen			407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine			410.8
				Middle Lochkovian				412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian				415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian						Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2					Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2					Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Xinchangian			477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5								Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10										Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian										Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian										Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian										Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								St Davids		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4										500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3								Caerfai		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1										529
																538.8