PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian Subages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Silurian Ages of Europe	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of Siberia			Carboniferous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6															0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene									0.129
		Calabrian							Early Pleistocene									0.774
		Gelasian							Early Pleistocene									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean							Early Pliocene									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian							Late Miocene									7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5						Middle Miocene									11.63
		Langhian							Middle Miocene									13.82
		Burdigalian							Early Miocene									15.98
		Aquitanian							Early Miocene									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4						Late Oligocene									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4						Early Oligocene									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3						Late Eocene									33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3						Middle Eocene									37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2						Middle Eocene									41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2						Early Eocene									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1						Late Paleocene									56
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8															66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7															72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6															83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4															100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3															113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2															121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2															125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1															132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6															145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5															149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4															165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4															168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3															174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2															184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1															192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4															201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4															208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				Melekhovian											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																259.51
		Wordian																264.28
		Wordian					Noginskian											264.9 *
		Roadian	Permian 3															266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2															273.01
		Kungurian					Pavlovoposadian											276.8 *
		Artinskian					Pavlovoposadian											283.5
		Artinskian					Rusavkinian											287.6 *
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Mapingian †	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian	303.7
						Khamovnikian	304.8
						Krevyakinian	305.8 *
						Krevyakinian	305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Myachkovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
					Podolskian		308.9 *
					Kashirian		311.4 *
					Vereian		313.8
					Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
					Cheremshanian		316.9 *
					Prikamian		318.6 *
					Severokeltmian		319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
					Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Zapaltjubian	Late Mississippian	323.2
					Protvian		324.4 *
					Steshevian		326.8 *
					Tarusian		329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Venevian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
					Mikhailovian		331.9 *
					Aleksinian		333.7 *
					Tulian		335.8 *
					Bobrikian		339.9 *
					Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Kosvian	Early Mississippian	346.7
					Kizelian		350.7 *
					Cherepetian		351.9 *
					Karakubian		354.4 *
					Upinian		356.3 *
					Malevkian		357.6 *
					Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Late Famennian			358.9
					Middle Famennian			365.3 *
					Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4		Late Frasnian			372.2
					Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
					Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Late Givetian			382.7
					Middle Givetian			383.7 *
					Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2		Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian			410.8
					Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						Kosovian	443.8
		Katian							Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian							Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3										458.4
									Dobrotivian				458.5 *
									Oretanian				459.7 *
				Sarka †								461.7 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Klabava †								467.3
		Dapingian							Arenigian			468
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Arenigian			470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadocian								477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadocian								Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Datsonian								Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
				Payntonian												486.8 *
				Payntonian												Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian		Iverian													489.5
													Aksaian				490.7 *
													Sakian				492.2 *
																Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian		Idamean													494
		Paibian		Idamean											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Mindyallan								Marjumian	Albertian †	Ayusokkanian			497
				Boomerangian										Ayusokkanian			499
				Boomerangian										Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian		Undillan													500.5
		Drumian		Floran													503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Templetonian								Topazan		Amgan/Solvan			504.5
				Templetonian								Delamaran					506.5
				Ordian													507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4											Waucoban †				509
														Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
																	510.8 *
												Dyeran					511 *
														Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2														514
						Montezuman	514.8 *
						Montezuman	Atdabanian							515.6 *
						Begadean	Atdabanian							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian							521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1				Nemakit-Daldynian					Manykaian †		529
																		538.8