PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian Subages	Permian of the Salt Range	Cenozoic Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Ordovician of China			Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6												0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene	Lujanian								0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene	Lujanian								0.129
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene	Ensenadan								0.3 *
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene	Ensenadan								0.774
		Calabrian					Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
		Gelasian					Sanandresian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene	Vorohuean								2.58
		Piacenzian				Late Pliocene	Chapadmalalan								2.9 *
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene	Chapadmalalan								3.6
							Montehermosan								3.7 *
							Huayquerian								4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
							Chasicoan								7.9 *
							Mayoan								9.9 *
							Laventan								10.9 *
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5			Middle Miocene	Laventan								11.63
		Serravallian					Colloncuran								13.7 *
		Langhian					Colloncuran								13.82
		Langhian					Friasian								15.4 *
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene	Friasian								15.98
							Santacrucian								16.2 *
							Colhuehuapian								17.4 *
		Aquitanian					Colhuehuapian								20.44
		Aquitanian					Deseadan								20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4			Late Oligocene									23.03
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene									27.82
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene	Tinguirirican								28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3			Late Eocene	Tinguirirican								33.9
		Priabonian				Late Eocene	Divisaderan								35.9 *
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene									37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2												41.2
		Lutetian					Mustersan								41.9 *
		Ypresian				Early Eocene	Mustersan								47.8
		Ypresian				Early Eocene	Casamayoran								47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Late Paleocene	Riochican								56
							Itaboraian								56.9 *
							Peligran								58.9 *
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene									61.6
		Danian				Early Paleocene	Tiupampan								62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8												66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7												72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6												83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4												100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2												121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2												125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1												132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6												145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5												149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4												165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4												168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3												174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
		Induan		251.2
		Induan		Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Kathwai	251.902
					252.4 *
				Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian		Chhidru	254.14
				Kalabagh	255 *
				Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
					265.3 *
				Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3	Amb	266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Late Famennian				358.9
					Middle Famennian				365.3 *
					Early Famennian				368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4		Late Frasnian				372.2
					Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
					Early Frasnian				379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Late Givetian				382.7
					Middle Givetian				383.7 *
					Early Givetian				385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian				387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2		Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou		Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Kralodvorian		449.5
										Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4									453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo							458.4
										Dobrotivian				458.5 *
										Oretanian				459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
							Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		Sarka †			466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2			Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian				Dapingian				Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian				Arenigian				470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Xinchangian				Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Xinchangian			Lianghekou †	Tremadocian				477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5											485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4											497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4											500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3											509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1											529
															538.8