PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian Epochs	Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6												0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian									0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Yushean									2.58
		Zanclean				Yushean									3.6
		Zanclean				Baodean									4.9
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Tortonian				Tunggurian									11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5			Tunggurian									11.63
		Langhian				Shanwangian									13.82
		Burdigalian				Shanwangian									15.98
		Burdigalian				Xiejiaan									16.9
		Aquitanian				Xiejiaan									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3												33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3												37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2												41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1												56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian								72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4				Late Albian								100.5
							Middle Albian								106.2 *
							Early Albian								109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				Late Aptian								113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				Early Aptian								119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2				Late Barremian/Early Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian								139.8
							Middle Berriasian								140.6 *
							Early Berriasian								142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Oteke	Puaroan		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				Late Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan		Late Kimmeridgian								150
					Ohauan		Early Kimmeridgian								152.2 *
					Heterian		Early Kimmeridgian								154.5
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian								161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian								164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian					Late Bajocian								168.2
		Bajocian					Early Bajocian								168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Late Toarcian								174.7
				Herangi	Ururoan		Late Toarcian								176
							Middle Toarcian								180.4 *
							Early Toarcian								182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian								184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Aratauran		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian								188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian			Warepan		Sevatian		208.5
							Alaunian		213.2 *
							Lacian		216.7 *
					Otamitan				217
					Oretian				221
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Oretian		Tuvalian		227
				Gore	Kaihikuan		Tuvalian		227.5
							Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				Longobardian		237
					Etalian		Longobardian		238
							Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian					Illyrian		242
							Pelsonian		243.8 *
							Bithynian		244.7 *
							Aegean		245.5 *
					Malakovian	246	Aegean
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			Spathian	247.2
						Smithian	248.9 *
					Nelsonian	Smithian	249
		Induan				Dienerian	251.2
						Griesbachian	251.4 *
				DUrville	Makarewan	Griesbachian	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Makarewan		251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian			Flettian		264.28
		Wordian			Barettian		266
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian		283.5
					Telfordian		285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1				Kuzel		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Kuzel		298.9
							Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian							Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						Cantabrian	307
							Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
									Westphalian C	309.8
									Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian							Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
							Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
								Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
							Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
							Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1								407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1								433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5								Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian									Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian									Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2								Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2								Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Xinchangian					477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Xinchangian					Lianghekou †		477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Late Cambrian								485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			Middle Cambrian								497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4											500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3			Early Cambrian								509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1											529
															538.8