PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Tarantian		0.0117
		Chibanian				Ionian		0.129
		Calabrian						0.774
		Gelasian					MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					MN 16	2.58
		Piacenzian					MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean					MN 15	3.6
							MN 14	4.2
							MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian					MN 12	7.246
							MN 11	7.75
							MN 10	8.7
							MN 9	9.7
							MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5				MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian					MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian					MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian					MN 4	15.98
							MN 3	16.9
							MN 2	20
		Aquitanian					MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian					MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3					33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3					37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2					41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1					56
		Selandian						59.2
		Danian						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8					66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7					72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4					100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3					113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Oteke	Puaroan			145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan			150
					Heterian			154.5
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan			164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan			176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Ururoan			184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Aratauran			188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
		Norian			Warepan			208.5
					Otamitan			217
					Oretian			221
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Oretian			227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian			Etalian	238
		Anisian			Etalian	242
		Anisian			Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian	266
		Roadian	Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3			509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1			529
								538.8