PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of France	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6							0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian				Late Miocene				7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5			Middle Miocene				11.63
		Langhian				Middle Miocene				13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene				15.98
		Aquitanian				Early Miocene				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4			Late Oligocene		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4			Early Oligocene		Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3			Late Eocene		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3			Middle Eocene		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2			Middle Eocene				41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2			Early Eocene			Bumbanian	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Late Paleocene		Gashatan		56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8							66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7							72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6							83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4							100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3							113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2							121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2							125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1							132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Oteke	Puaroan					145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan					150
					Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4							165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4							168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan					176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Ururoan					184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Aratauran					188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1							192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian			Warepan					208.5
					Otamitan					217
					Oretian					221
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Oretian					227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		Kaihikuan					237
		Ladinian			Etalian					238
		Anisian			Etalian					242
		Anisian			Malakovian					246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		Malakovian					247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian					249
		Induan			Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Makarewan		251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian			Flettian		264.28
		Wordian			Barettian		266
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian		283.5
					Telfordian		285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Pragian				Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4				497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4				500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3				509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1				529
										538.8