PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Britain		Permian of North America		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		European Faunal Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6							Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian									Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian									Castlecliffian		0.774
		Calabrian									Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian									Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian									Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Mangapanian	Villanyian	2.58
											Waipipian	Villanyian	3
												Ruscinian	3.1 *
		Zanclean											3.6
		Zanclean									Opoitian		3.7
	Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean	Turolian	5.333
		Messinian									Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian											7.246
												Vallesian	8.7
										Southland	Waiauan	Vallesian	11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5								Waiauan	Astaracian	11.63
		Serravallian									Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian									Lillburnian		13.82
											Clifdenian		15.1
										Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian									Altonian	Orleanian	15.98
											Otaian	Orleanian	18.7
												Agenian	20
		Aquitanian											20.44
		Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian		21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4								Waitakian		23.03
											Duntroonian		25.2
											Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3										33.9
										Arnold	Runangan		34.6
											Kaiatan		36.7
		Bartonian									Kaiatan		37.71
		Bartonian									Bortonian		39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2								Bortonian		41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
											Heretaungan		45.7
		Ypresian									Heretaungan		47.8
											Mangaorapan		48.9
											Waipawan		52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1								Teurian		56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8							Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7								Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6								Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
											Mangaotanean		90.5
											Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5								Arowhanan		93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
											Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4								Motuan		100.5
											Urutawan		103.3
										Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3								Korangan		113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3										117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan		150
					Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian			Warepan		208.5
					Otamitan		217
					Oretian		221
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Oretian		227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian			Etalian		238
		Anisian			Etalian		242
		Anisian			Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian		249
		Induan			Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Makarewan		251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian		Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian		Wordian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian		Wordian	266
		Roadian	Permian 3				Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
					Mangapirian			Cathedralian	276
								Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian							283.5
					Telfordian				285
					Telfordian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
									288.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5						Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2							393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1							407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Merioneth				Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10								Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian								Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian								Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			St Davids					497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4								500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3			Caerfai					509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1								529
													538.8