PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian Epochs	European Faunal Units	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6												0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Calabrian									Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Gelasian									Early Pleistocene				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Villanyian	Late Pliocene				2.58
		Piacenzian								Ruscinian	Late Pliocene				3.1 *
		Zanclean								Ruscinian	Early Pliocene				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								Turolian	Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian								Turolian					7.246
		Tortonian								Vallesian					8.7
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							Astaracian	Middle Miocene				11.63
		Langhian								Astaracian	Middle Miocene				13.82
		Burdigalian								Orleanian	Early Miocene				15.98
		Burdigalian								Agenian					20
		Aquitanian								Agenian					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4								Late Oligocene				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4								Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3								Late Eocene				33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3								Middle Eocene				37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2								Middle Eocene				41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2								Early Eocene				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1								Late Paleocene				56
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian									Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8									Senonian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7												72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6												83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4									Gallic			100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2												121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2									Neocomian			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1												132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Oteke	Puaroan										145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan										150
					Heterian										154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan										164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4												165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4												168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan										176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Ururoan										184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Aratauran										188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1												192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	Balfour	Otapirian										201.4
		Norian			Warepan										208.5
					Otamitan										217
					Oretian										221
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Oretian										227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Gore	Kaihikuan										227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		Kaihikuan										237
		Ladinian			Etalian										238
		Anisian			Etalian										242
		Anisian			Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Makarewan	Dorashamian	Buntsandstein	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	Dorashamian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Dzhulfian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	Dzhulfian		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	Midian	Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian		Leine	264.28
					Barettian			266
						Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3			Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			Kubergandian		273.01
					Mangapirian	Kubergandian		276
						Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian						283.5
					Telfordian			285
					Telfordian	Yakhtashian		286
						Yakhtashian		288.5
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5					303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian						Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3									458.4
								Dobrotivian				458.5 *
								Oretanian				459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2						Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian						Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Merioneth				Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10										Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian										Festiniogian		489.5
		Jiangshanian										Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian										Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					St Davids					Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4											500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3					Caerfai					Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1											529
															538.8