PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of the Russian Platform		Cretaceous Subepochs	Silurian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6										0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5										11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4				Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2										41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2					Bumbanian					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1				Gashatan						56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8								Senonian		66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7										72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6										83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4								Gallic		100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3										113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2										121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2								Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1										132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Oteke	Puaroan								145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan								150
					Heterian								154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan								164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4										165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4										168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan								176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Ururoan								184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Aratauran								188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1										192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
		Norian			Warepan								208.5
					Otamitan								217
					Oretian								221
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Oretian								227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		Kaihikuan								237
		Ladinian			Etalian								238
		Anisian			Etalian								242
		Anisian			Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		Malakovian								247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian								249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	254.14
					Puruhauan	254.2
					Puruhauan	Tatarian			Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian				Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian				Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian				Urzhumian	266
		Roadian	Permian 3			Kazanian			Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3			Kazanian			Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			Kungurian			Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
					Mangapirian				Irenian/Ufimian	276
									Filipovian	276.5 *
									Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian			Sarginian	283.5
					Telfordian				Sarginian	285
									Irginian	285.9 *
									Burtsevian	287.8 *
									Burtsevian	288.5
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Permian 1			Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5					303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli							Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
								Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5								443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5								445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1								Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5								Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian									Batyrbaian	489.5
											Aksaian	490.7 *
											Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian									Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian										499.5
		Drumian									Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian									Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3								Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan										505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
											Toyonian	510 *
											Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2								Botomian	514
		Stage 3									Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Tommotian	521
		Stage 2										525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1									529
													538.8