PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian Ages of Europe	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6														0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene								0.129
		Calabrian							Early Pleistocene								0.774
		Gelasian							Early Pleistocene								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene								2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean							Early Pliocene								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian							Late Miocene								7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5						Middle Miocene								11.63
		Langhian							Middle Miocene								13.82
		Burdigalian							Early Miocene								15.98
		Aquitanian							Early Miocene								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4						Late Oligocene								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4						Early Oligocene								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3						Late Eocene								33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3						Middle Eocene								37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2						Middle Eocene								41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2						Early Eocene								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1						Late Paleocene								56
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8														66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7														72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6														83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4														100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3														113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2														121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2														125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1														132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Oteke	Puaroan												145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	Oteke	Puaroan												149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan												150
					Heterian												154.5
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan												164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4														165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4														168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan												176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Ururoan												184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Aratauran												188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1														192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	Balfour	Otapirian												201.4
		Norian			Warepan												208.5
					Otamitan												217
					Oretian												221
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Oretian												227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Gore	Kaihikuan												227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		Kaihikuan												237
		Ladinian			Etalian												238
		Anisian			Etalian												242
		Anisian			Malakovian												246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		Malakovian												247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian												249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Makarewan	Melekhovian	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian					264.28
						Noginskian	264.9 *
					Barettian		266
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
					Mangapirian		276
						Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian					283.5
					Telfordian		285
					Telfordian	Rusavkinian	287.6 *
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian		303.7
						Khamovnikian		304.8
						Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			Myachkovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
						Podolskian		308.9 *
						Kashirian		311.4 *
						Vereian		313.8
						Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
						Cheremshanian		316.9 *
						Prikamian		318.6 *
						Severokeltmian		319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
						Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Zapaltjubian	Late Mississippian	323.2
						Protvian		324.4 *
						Steshevian		326.8 *
						Tarusian		329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			Venevian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
						Mikhailovian		331.9 *
						Aleksinian		333.7 *
						Tulian		335.8 *
						Bobrikian		339.9 *
						Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Kosvian	Early Mississippian	346.7
						Kizelian		350.7 *
						Cherepetian		351.9 *
						Karakubian		354.4 *
						Upinian		356.3 *
						Malevkian		357.6 *
						Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						Kosovian	443.8
		Katian							Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian							Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3										458.4
									Dobrotivian				458.5 *
									Oretanian				459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2							Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian							Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Arenigian				470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadocian					477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadocian					Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Datsonian					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian			Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
				Payntonian											486.8 *
				Payntonian											Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian		Iverian												489.5
										Aksaian						490.7 *
										Sakian						492.2 *
															Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian		Idamean												494
		Paibian		Idamean										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Mindyallan					Marjumian	Albertian †			Ayusokkanian			497
				Boomerangian									Ayusokkanian			499
				Boomerangian									Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian		Undillan												500.5
		Drumian		Floran												503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Templetonian					Topazan				Amgan/Solvan			504.5
				Templetonian					Delamaran							506.5
				Ordian												507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4								Waucoban †						509
													Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
																510.8 *
									Dyeran							511 *
													Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2													514
									Montezuman							514.8 *
									Montezuman				Atdabanian			515.6 *
									Begadean				Atdabanian			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											Tommotian			521
		Stage 2											Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1										Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
																	538.8