PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian of France	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Silurian Ages of Europe	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	European Faunal Units	Cambrian of Britain		Ordovician of Britain				Ordovician of the Baltic	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6																0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Calabrian																	0.774
		Gelasian																MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Villanyian								MN 16	2.58
										Ruscinian								MN 16	3.1 *
																		MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean																MN 15	3.6
																		MN 14	4.2
																		MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian								Turolian								MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian																MN 12	7.246
																		MN 11	7.75
										Vallesian								MN 10	8.7
																		MN 9	9.7
																		MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							Astaracian								MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian																MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian																MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian								Orleanian								MN 4	15.98
										Orleanian								MN 3	16.9
										Agenian								MN 2	20
		Aquitanian																MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian																MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3																33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3																37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2																41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1																56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8																66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7																72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6																83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4																100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3																113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2																121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2																125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1																132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Oteke	Puaroan														145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	Oteke	Puaroan														149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan														150
					Heterian														154.5
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan														164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4																165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4																168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan														176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Ururoan														184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Aratauran														188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1																192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian			Warepan	208.5
					Otamitan	217
					Oretian	221
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Oretian	227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian			Etalian	238
		Anisian			Etalian	242
		Anisian			Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		Malakovian	Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian		249
		Induan			Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Makarewan		251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	266
		Roadian	Permian 3			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian		283.5
					Telfordian		285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Pragian					Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						Ashgill	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan		Pirgu	445.2
										Cautleyan			448.9 *
										Pusgillian			449.3 *
									Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
													Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
											Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
										Cheneyan			Rakvere		451.5 *
										Cheneyan			Oandu		452 *
										Burrellian			Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4										Keila	Idavere †	453
												Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
												Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
												Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †				455.2 *
													Kukruse			456.4 *
										Aurelucian						456.8 *
												Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
												Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			Uhaku			458.4
													Lasnamagi			458.9 *
													Aseri			460.4 *
										Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			Aseri			461.3 *
											Oeland		Kunda			462.9 *
													Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
													Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2														467.3
									Arenig	Fennian							468.4 *
													Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian															470
														Latorp †			470.1 *
										Whitlandian							471.1 *
										Whitlandian			Hunneberg				473.7 *
						Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Ungurian			Tremadoc	Migneintian							477.7
										Cressagian							480.8 *
													Varangu				481.3 *
				Pakerort	482.2 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Batyrbaian				Merioneth			Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
													Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian															489.5
						Aksaian											490.7 *
						Sakian											492.2 *
													Maentwrogian				493.1 *
		Paibian											Maentwrogian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			Ayusokkanian				St Davids							497
		Guzhangian															499.5
		Drumian				Zhanaarykian											500.5
		Drumian				Tuesaian											503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			Tuesaian											504.5
		Wuliuan															505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4								Caerfai							509
						Toyonian	510 *
						Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2			Botomian	514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian	521
		Stage 2					525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1				529
																			538.8