PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of China	Silurian Ages of Europe	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cambrian of Kazakhstan		Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6												0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian											Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Calabrian											Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Gelasian											Early Pleistocene	MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Late Pliocene	MN 16	2.58
		Piacenzian											Late Pliocene	MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean											Early Pliocene	MN 15	3.6
														MN 14	4.2
														MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene	MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian												MN 12	7.246
														MN 11	7.75
														MN 10	8.7
														MN 9	9.7
														MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5										Middle Miocene	MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian												MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian												MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian											Early Miocene	MN 4	15.98
														MN 3	16.9
														MN 2	20
		Aquitanian												MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian												MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4										Late Oligocene		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4										Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3										Late Eocene		33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3										Middle Eocene		37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2										Middle Eocene		41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2										Early Eocene		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1										Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian											Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian											Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8												66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7												72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6												83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4												100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2												121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2												125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1												132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Oteke	Puaroan										145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan										150
					Heterian										154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan										164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4												165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4												168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan										176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Ururoan										184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Aratauran										188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1												192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	Balfour	Otapirian										201.4
		Norian			Warepan	208.5
					Otamitan	217
					Oretian	221
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Oretian	227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian			Etalian	238
		Anisian			Etalian	242
		Anisian			Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		Malakovian	Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian		249
		Induan			Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Makarewan	Meishanian		251.902
					Waiitian	Meishanian		253.2
						Baoqingian		253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
					Puruhauan	Laoshanian		254.2
					Puruhauan	Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	Lengwuan	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	Kuhfengian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	266
		Roadian	Permian 3				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			Luodianian		273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian			276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian			283.5
					Telfordian			285
					Telfordian	Longlinian		285.4 *
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Zisongian		Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian							300.1
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Kasimovian							305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2							393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1							407.6
		Pragian							Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian							Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli								Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian									425.6
		Gorstian								Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian								Buildwas	Gleedonian	427.4
									Wych	Woolhope	Gleedonian	428.4 *
											Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1									433.4
		Telychian										436.3 *
		Aeronian										438.5
		Aeronian							Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
		Rhuddanian							Cowleigh Park			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5									443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5									445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1									Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5									Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian										Batyrbaian	489.5
												Aksaian	490.7 *
												Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian										Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4									Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian											499.5
		Drumian										Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian										Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3									Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan											505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
												Toyonian	510 *
												Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2									Botomian	514
		Stage 3										Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Tommotian	521
		Stage 2											525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1				529
															538.8