PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Mammal Paleogene Zones		Silurian of the Baltic	Mesozoic Subages		Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6	Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian						Middle Pleistocene	0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian						Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian						Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian						Late Pliocene	3
		Zanclean			Waipipian						Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian						Early Pliocene	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean						Late Miocene	5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan							7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5		Waiauan						Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian							13.82
					Clifdenian							15.1
				Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian						Early Miocene	15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4		Waitakian	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25				Late Oligocene	23.03
					Duntroonian							25.2
					Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian				MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21					Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3			MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A					Late Eocene	33.9
				Arnold	Runangan							34.6
					Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan	MP 16					Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian	MP 16						39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2		Bortonian	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11						41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
					Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7					Early Eocene	47.8
					Mangaorapan							48.9
					Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Teurian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5				Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian									Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Mata	Haumurian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7		Haumurian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6		Piripauan				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			86.1
		Coniacian							Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian							Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
					Mangaotanean							90.5
					Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5		Arowhanan				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
					Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan				Late Albian			100.5
					Urutawan				Late Albian			103.3
					Urutawan				Middle Albian			106.2 *
				Taitai	Korangan				Middle Albian			108.4
									Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3						Late Aptian			113
									Late Aptian			117.5
									Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2					Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian						Late Berriasian	139.8
								Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
								Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6					Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6					Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5					Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian						Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian						Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian							Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4					Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian						Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian						Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3					Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Late Toarcian		174.7
								Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
								Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2					Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1					Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1					Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4							201.4
		Norian						Sevatian		208.5
								Alaunian		213.2 *
								Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3					Tuvalian		227
		Carnian	Triassic 3					Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2					Longobardian		237
		Ladinian						Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian						Illyrian		242
								Pelsonian		243.8 *
								Bithynian		244.7 *
								Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1					Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian						Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan						Dienerian		251.2
		Induan						Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	Jaani	433.4
		Telychian		Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian				Gamachian	445.2
						Richmondian	446 *
						Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian		449.8 *
						Edenian			450.4 *
					Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			Chatfieldian			453
						Turinian			453.7 *
					Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2							467.3
		Dapingian				Rangerian				469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian				Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Tulean					477.7
						Stairsian					480.3 *
						Skullrockian				Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Skullrockian					485.4
		Stage 10									487.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4								500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3								509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1					529
												538.8