PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of China		South American Land Mammal Ages		Central Paratethys Stages	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Silurian of England		Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6	Wanganui	Haweran										0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Lujanian						Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian						Lujanian						Middle Pleistocene	0.129
								Ensenadan							0.3 *
					Castlecliffian										0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian									Early Pleistocene	0.774
					Nukumaruan										1.63
								Sanandresian	Uquian †						1.7 *
		Gelasian													1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian										2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Vorohuean						Late Pliocene	2.58
								Chapadmalalan							2.9 *
					Waipipian										3
		Zanclean			Waipipian									Early Pliocene	3.6
					Opoitian			Montehermosan							3.7 *
					Opoitian			Huayquerian							4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean									Late Miocene	5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan										7.2
		Tortonian								Pannonian					7.246
								Chasicoan							7.9 *
								Mayoan							9.9 *
								Laventan							10.9 *
				Southland	Waiauan										11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							Sarmatian				Middle Miocene	11.63
										Badenian					12.8 *
					Lillburnian										13.05
								Colloncuran							13.7 *
		Langhian													13.82
					Clifdenian										15.1
					Clifdenian			Friasian							15.4 *
				Pareora	Altonian										15.9
		Burdigalian												Early Miocene	15.98
								Santacrucian							16.2 *
								Colhuehuapian							17.4 *
					Otaian										18.7
		Aquitanian													20.44
								Deseadan							20.9 *
				Landon	Waitakian										21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4		Waitakian									Late Oligocene	23.03
					Duntroonian										25.2
					Whaingaroan										27.3
		Rupelian												Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian						Tinguirirican						Early Oligocene	28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3											Late Eocene	33.9
				Arnold	Runangan										34.6
					Runangan			Divisaderan							35.9 *
					Kaiatan										36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan									Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian										39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2												41.2
								Mustersan							41.9 *
				Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
					Heretaungan										45.7
		Ypresian												Early Eocene	47.8
								Casamayoran							47.9 *
					Mangaorapan										48.9
					Waipawan										52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Teurian			Riochican						Late Paleocene	56
								Itaboraian							56.9 *
								Peligran							58.9 *
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian												Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian				Tiupampan	62.4 *							Early Paleocene
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7		Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6		Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
					Mangaotanean			90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5		Arowhanan			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
					Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan			100.5
					Urutawan			103.3
				Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Korangan			113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3					117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3					174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2					184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5					303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli								Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian					425.6
		Gorstian				Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian				Wych	Woolhope		428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Telychian							436.3 *
		Aeronian							438.5
		Aeronian				Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
		Rhuddanian				Cowleigh Park			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5						445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		Niuchehean				Taoyuanian †	Late Cambrian	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10			Niuchehean							Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian							Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian		Maentwrogian	Jiangshanian							493.1 *
		Paibian			Paibian							494
		Paibian			Paibian				Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †				Middle Cambrian	St Davids		497
		Guzhangian		Guzhangian								Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Wuliuan/Taijangian									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	Duyunian					Early Cambrian	Branchian		Caerfai	509
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Nangaoian						Branchian			514
		Stage 3		Nangaoian						Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Meishucunian									521
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Meishucunian									529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Jinnigian									530.7
															538.8