PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian Ages of Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6	Wanganui	Haweran									0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian									0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian									0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan									1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian									2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian		Tertiary †							2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian									3
		Zanclean			Waipipian									3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian									3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean									5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan									7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan									11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5		Waiauan									11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian									13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian									13.82
					Clifdenian									15.1
				Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian									15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian									18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian									20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian									21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4		Waitakian									23.03
					Duntroonian									25.2
					Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3											33.9
				Arnold	Runangan									34.6
					Kaiatan									36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan									37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian									39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2		Bortonian									41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
					Heretaungan									45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan									47.8
					Mangaorapan									48.9
					Waipawan									52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Teurian									56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Mata	Haumurian									66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7		Haumurian									72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6		Piripauan									83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan									86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
					Mangaotanean									90.5
					Arowhanan									93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5		Arowhanan									93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian									95.2
					Motuan									99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan									100.5
					Urutawan									103.3
				Taitai	Korangan									108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Korangan									113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2											125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1											132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5					303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1							407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian			427.4
		Homerian					Whitwellian			429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian									Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
										Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4										453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
					Marshbrookian †							Woolstonian †	454.2 *
					Longvillian †								455.2 *
					Longvillian †						Aurelucian		456.8 *
					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						Aurelucian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		Llanvirn					Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian					470
					Whitlandian					471.1 *
					Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
				Tremadoc	Cressagian					480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4							Series 3 †			497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4										500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			Stage 5 †							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3										509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1										529
														538.8