PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian of the Baltic	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of Britain		Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6	Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Nihewanian				0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian						0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian		Yushean				2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian						3
		Zanclean			Waipipian						3.6
					Opoitian						3.7
					Opoitian		Baodean				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan						7.246
				Southland	Waiauan						11.04
							Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5								11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian		Shanwangian				13.82
					Clifdenian						15.1
				Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian									15.98
							Xiejiaan				16.9
					Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4		Waitakian						23.03
					Duntroonian						25.2
					Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3								33.9
				Arnold	Runangan						34.6
					Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan						37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2		Bortonian						41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
					Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan						47.8
					Mangaorapan						48.9
					Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Teurian						56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Mata	Haumurian						66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7		Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6		Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
					Mangaotanean						90.5
					Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5		Arowhanan						93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
					Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan						100.5
					Urutawan						103.3
				Taitai	Korangan						108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Korangan						113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3								117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian					Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		453		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo	458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2		Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		Yiyangian				470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian	Lianghekou †			477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan					485.4
		Stage 10			Festiniogian					489.2 *
		Jiangshanian			Festiniogian					489.5
		Jiangshanian			Maentwrogian					493.1 *
		Paibian			Maentwrogian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	St Davids						497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4							500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	Caerfai						509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
											538.8