PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of England		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cambrian of China		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6	Wanganui	Haweran											0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian											0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian											0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan											1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan											1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian											2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian											2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian											3
		Zanclean			Waipipian											3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian											3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean											5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan											7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan											7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan											11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5		Waiauan											11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian											13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian											13.82
					Clifdenian											15.1
				Pareora	Altonian											15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian											15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian											18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian											20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian											21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4		Waitakian									Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
					Duntroonian											25.2
					Whaingaroan											27.3
		Rupelian												Kekeamuan		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3											Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
				Arnold	Runangan											34.6
					Kaiatan											36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan									Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian											39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2		Bortonian											41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan											42.6
					Heretaungan											45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan										Bumbanian	47.8
					Mangaorapan											48.9
					Waipawan											52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Teurian									Gashatan		56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Mata	Haumurian						Lancian/Edmontonian					66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7		Haumurian						Judithian/Aquilan					72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6		Piripauan											83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan											86.1
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
					Mangaotanean											90.5
					Arowhanan											93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5		Arowhanan											93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian											95.2
					Motuan											99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan											100.5
					Urutawan											103.3
				Taitai	Korangan											108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Korangan											113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3													117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2													121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2													125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1													132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			Oteke	Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan	150
							Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian						Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian						Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
						Herangi	Ururoan	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	176
								Planulata	179.3 *
								Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
								Kanense		181.3 *
								Carlottense		182.3 *
								Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2					Kunae		184.2
								Freboldi		185.1 *
								Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras		186.2 *
							Aratauran	Whiteavesi/Imlayi				188.9
												189.2 *
								Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis		190.3 *
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1									192.9
								Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras			196.4 *
								Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian						Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian					Warepan					208.5
							Otamitan					217
							Oretian					221
		Carnian	Triassic 3				Oretian					227
		Carnian	Triassic 3			Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				Kaihikuan					237
		Ladinian					Etalian					238
		Anisian					Etalian					242
		Anisian					Malakovian					246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				Malakovian					247.2
		Olenekian					Nelsonian					249
		Induan					Nelsonian					251.2
		Induan				DUrville	Makarewan					251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				Makarewan					251.902
		Changhsingian					Waiitian					253.2
		Wuchiapingian					Waiitian					254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Puruhauan					254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Aparima	Flettian				259.51
		Wordian					Flettian				264.28
		Wordian					Barettian				266
		Roadian	Permian 3								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2								273.01
		Kungurian					Mangapirian				276
		Artinskian					Mangapirian				283.5
							Telfordian				285
											288.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5								298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5								303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle						Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle						Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale						Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian										425.6
		Gorstian									Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian									Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian			Wych						Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1									433.4
		Telychian										436.3 *
		Aeronian										438.5
		Aeronian			Cowleigh Park							439.3 *
		Rhuddanian			Cowleigh Park							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5									443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5									445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian						Paibian	494
		Paibian						Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4					Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3					Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3					Duyunian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2					Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2					Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1					Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1					Jinnigian		530.7
																538.8