PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of North America	European Faunal Zones	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Central Paratethys Stages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6	Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan		MN 17					1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian		MN 17					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian		MN 16					2.58
					Waipipian		MN 16					3
							MN 15					3.2
		Zanclean										3.6
					Opoitian							3.7
							MN 14					4.2
							MN 13					4.9
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian					MN 12		Pannonian			7.246
							MN 11					7.75
							MN 10					8.7
							MN 9					9.7
				Southland	Waiauan		MN 9					11.04
							MN 7 + 8					11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5				MN 7 + 8		Sarmatian			11.63
							MN 6		Badenian			12.8 *
					Lillburnian		MN 6		Badenian			13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian		MN 5					13.82
					Clifdenian							15.1
				Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian					MN 4					15.98
							MN 3					16.9
					Otaian		MN 3					18.7
							MN 2					20
		Aquitanian										20.44
				Landon	Waitakian							21.7
							MN 1					22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4							Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
					Duntroonian							25.2
					Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian								Kekeamuan		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3							Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
				Arnold	Runangan							34.6
					Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2		Bortonian							41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
					Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan						Bumbanian	47.8
					Mangaorapan							48.9
					Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Teurian					Gashatan		56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7		Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6		Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
					Mangaotanean							90.5
					Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5		Arowhanan	93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian				Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian				Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian				Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Chesterian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			Chesterian	330.9
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Pragian					Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5					445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	497
		Guzhangian		Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	Branchian	509
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Branchian	514
		Stage 3		Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1		529
												538.8