PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of France	Mesozoic Subages		Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6	Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian		Middle Pleistocene					0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian		Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian		Late Pliocene					2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian		Late Pliocene					3
		Zanclean			Waipipian		Early Pliocene					3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian		Early Pliocene					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean		Late Miocene					5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan							7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5		Waiauan		Middle Miocene					11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian							13.82
					Clifdenian							15.1
				Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian		Early Miocene					15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4		Waitakian		Late Oligocene					23.03
					Duntroonian							25.2
					Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian					Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3				Late Eocene					33.9
				Arnold	Runangan							34.6
					Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan		Middle Eocene					37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2		Bortonian							41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
					Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan		Early Eocene					47.8
					Mangaorapan							48.9
					Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Teurian		Late Paleocene					56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Mata	Haumurian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7		Haumurian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6		Piripauan				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			86.1
		Coniacian							Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian							Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
					Mangaotanean							90.5
					Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5		Arowhanan				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
					Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan				Late Albian			100.5
					Urutawan				Late Albian			103.3
					Urutawan				Middle Albian			106.2 *
				Taitai	Korangan				Middle Albian			108.4
									Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3						Late Aptian			113
									Late Aptian			117.5
									Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2			Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian		139.8
						Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
						Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			Late Tithonian		Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6			Early Tithonian		Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian			174.7
						Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
						Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian				Sevatian			208.5
						Alaunian			213.2 *
						Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3			Tuvalian			227
		Carnian	Triassic 3			Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2			Longobardian			237
		Ladinian				Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian				Illyrian			242
						Pelsonian			243.8 *
						Bithynian			244.7 *
						Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian				Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan				Dienerian			251.2
		Induan				Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			Dorashamian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Dzhulfian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian				259.51
		Wordian				Midian				264.28
		Wordian				Murgabian				266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3			Murgabian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian				Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian				Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian				Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				Couvinien			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Pragian			Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Hirnantian			Xiaoxita †/Shikou			Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian						Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian			Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian			Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	Yiyangian						470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian						477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian				Lianghekou †		477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4							497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4							500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3							509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
												538.8