PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Devonian of France	Permian of the Salt Range
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6	Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian							2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian							3
		Zanclean			Waipipian							3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian							3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan							7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5		Waiauan							11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian							13.82
					Clifdenian							15.1
				Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian							15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4		Waitakian							23.03
					Duntroonian							25.2
					Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3									33.9
				Arnold	Runangan							34.6
					Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan							37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2		Bortonian							41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
					Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan							47.8
					Mangaorapan							48.9
					Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Teurian							56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7		Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6		Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
					Mangaotanean							90.5
					Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5		Arowhanan							93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
					Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan							100.5
					Urutawan							103.3
				Taitai	Korangan							108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Korangan							113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3									117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2									121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2									125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1									132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian				Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
		Bajocian					Humphresianum	168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
						Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		180.1
						Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1					247.2
		Induan						251.2
		Induan						Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4					Kathwai	251.902
									252.4 *
								Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian						Chhidru	254.14
								Kalabagh	255 *
								Wargal	256 *
									Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian								Urzhumian	264.28
											265.3 *
								Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3					Amb	Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3					Sokian	Kazanian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
									Filipovian		276.5 *
									Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian						Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
									Irginian		285.9 *
									Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian	Permian 1					Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
									Uskalykian		294.8
									Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5								298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5								303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4								307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3								323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2								330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5								Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4								Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3								Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3								Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2									393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1									407.6
		Pragian			Coblencien						408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
												538.8