PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian of Western Europe	Devonian Subages	European Faunal Units	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6	Wanganui	Haweran										0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian										0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian										0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan										1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan									MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian									MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian								Villanyian	MN 16	2.58
					Waipipian								Villanyian		3
													Ruscinian		3.1 *
														MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean													3.6
					Opoitian										3.7
														MN 14	4.2
														MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean								Turolian		5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan										7.2
		Tortonian												MN 12	7.246
														MN 11	7.75
													Vallesian	MN 10	8.7
														MN 9	9.7
				Southland	Waiauan									MN 9	11.04
														MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5										Astaracian	MN 7 + 8	11.63
														MN 6	12.8 *
					Lillburnian									MN 6	13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian									MN 5	13.82
					Clifdenian										15.1
				Pareora	Altonian										15.9
		Burdigalian											Orleanian	MN 4	15.98
														MN 3	16.9
					Otaian									MN 3	18.7
													Agenian	MN 2	20
		Aquitanian													20.44
				Landon	Waitakian										21.7
														MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4												23.03
					Duntroonian										25.2
					Whaingaroan										27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3												33.9
				Arnold	Runangan										34.6
					Kaiatan										36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan										37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian										39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2		Bortonian										41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
					Heretaungan										45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan										47.8
					Mangaorapan										48.9
					Waipawan										52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Teurian										56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Mata	Haumurian										66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7		Haumurian										72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6		Piripauan										83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan										86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
					Mangaotanean										90.5
					Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5		Arowhanan	93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
						Planulata	179.3 *
						Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
						Kanense		181.3 *
						Carlottense		182.3 *
						Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Kunae		184.2
						Freboldi		185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1						192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian				Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4						208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4						Melekhovian	Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Buntsandstein	Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Ohre/Aller	Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian								Leine		264.28
		Wordian							Noginskian	Leine		264.9 *
		Roadian	Permian 3									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2									273.01
		Kungurian							Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
		Artinskian							Pavlovoposadian		Autunian	283.5
		Artinskian							Rusavkinian			287.6 *
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1									293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5									298.9
		Kasimovian							Dorogomilovian			303.7
									Khamovnikian			304.8
									Krevyakinian			305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						Myachkovian			307
									Podolskian			308.9 *
									Kashirian			311.4 *
									Vereian			313.8
									Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian							Melekessian			315.2
									Cheremshanian			316.9 *
									Prikamian			318.6 *
									Severokeltmian			319.9 *
									Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
									Voznesenian			321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						Zapaltjubian			323.2
									Protvian			324.4 *
					Steshevian				326.8 *
					Tarusian				329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Venevian				330.9
					Mikhailovian				331.9 *
					Aleksinian				333.7 *
				Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Late Famennian				358.9
					Middle Famennian				365.3 *
					Early Famennian				368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4		Late Frasnian				372.2
					Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
					Early Frasnian				379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Late Givetian				382.7
					Middle Givetian				383.7 *
					Early Givetian				385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian				387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian				390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2		Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian					Pirgu	445.2
							Vormsi	449.6 *
							Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
						Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
							Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				Keila	Idavere †	453
							Haljala		453.9
							Kukruse		456.4 *
							Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				Uhaku		458.4
							Lasnamagi		458.9 *
							Aseri		460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2				Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian					Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
								Latorp †		470.1 *
							Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				Hunneberg			477.7
							Varangu			481.3 *
							Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				Pakerort			Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
											Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian									Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian									Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4							St Davids		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4									500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3							Caerfai		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1									529
															538.8