PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Devonian Subages	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6	Wanganui	Haweran									0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian									0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian									0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan									1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian									2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian									2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian									3
		Zanclean			Waipipian									3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian									3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean									5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan									7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan									11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5		Waiauan									11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian									13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian									13.82
					Clifdenian									15.1
				Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian									15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian									18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian									20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian									21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4		Waitakian							Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
					Duntroonian									25.2
					Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian										Kekeamuan		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3									Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
				Arnold	Runangan									34.6
					Kaiatan									36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan							Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian									39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2		Bortonian									41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
					Heretaungan									45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan								Bumbanian	47.8
					Mangaorapan									48.9
					Waipawan									52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Teurian							Gashatan		56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Mata	Haumurian					Senonian				66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7		Haumurian									72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6		Piripauan									83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan									86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
					Mangaotanean									90.5
					Arowhanan									93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5		Arowhanan									93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian									95.2
					Motuan									99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan					Gallic				100.5
					Urutawan									103.3
				Taitai	Korangan									108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Korangan									113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2							Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1											132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian					Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
		Bajocian						Humphresianum	168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		180.1
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4						208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2						273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5						Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian							Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian								305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4							307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3							323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2							330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							Late Famennian	358.9
										Middle Famennian	365.3 *
										Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4							Late Frasnian	372.2
										Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
										Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							Late Givetian	382.7
										Middle Givetian	383.7 *
										Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian								Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian								Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2							Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2							Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1							Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian								Late Lochkovian	410.8
										Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
										Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10			Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian			Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian			Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian				Arcadian		498.4
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran	Branchian	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4		Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Dyeran			514
				Montezuman			514.8 *
				Montezuman	Placentian		517.1
				Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1				529
														538.8