PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of France	Mesozoic Subages		Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6	Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian			Middle Pleistocene					0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian			Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian			Late Pliocene					2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian			Late Pliocene					3
		Zanclean			Waipipian			Early Pliocene					3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian			Early Pliocene					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean			Late Miocene					5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan								7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5		Waiauan			Middle Miocene					11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian								13.82
					Clifdenian								15.1
				Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian			Early Miocene					15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4		Waitakian			Late Oligocene					23.03
					Duntroonian								25.2
					Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian						Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3					Late Eocene					33.9
				Arnold	Runangan								34.6
					Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan			Middle Eocene					37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2		Bortonian								41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
					Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan			Early Eocene					47.8
					Mangaorapan								48.9
					Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Teurian			Late Paleocene					56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Mata	Haumurian					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7		Haumurian					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6		Piripauan					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			86.1
		Coniacian								Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian								Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
					Mangaotanean								90.5
					Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5		Arowhanan					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
					Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan					Late Albian			100.5
					Urutawan					Late Albian			103.3
					Urutawan					Middle Albian			106.2 *
				Taitai	Korangan					Middle Albian			108.4
										Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3							Late Aptian			113
										Late Aptian			117.5
										Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2			Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian	139.8
						Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
						Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6			Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian				Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites			Late Bajocian	168.2
									Late Bajocian	Humphresianum	168.4
									Early Bajocian	Humphresianum	168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons			Thouarsense	Late Toarcian	174.7
										Late Toarcian	180.1
										Middle Toarcian	180.4 *
						Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				Middle Toarcian	182
						Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				Early Toarcian	182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4								201.4
		Norian								Sevatian	208.5
										Alaunian	213.2 *
										Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3							Tuvalian	227
		Carnian	Triassic 3							Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2							Longobardian	237
		Ladinian								Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian								Illyrian	242
										Pelsonian	243.8 *
										Bithynian	244.7 *
										Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1							Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian								Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan								Dienerian	251.2
		Induan								Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5					303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					Couvinien			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Pragian			Coblencien			408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Hirnantian				Xiaoxita †/Shikou			Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian							Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian			Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	Yiyangian							470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian							477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian				Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3			509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1			529
													538.8