PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Central Paratethys Stages	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Silurian of England		Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6										0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Lujanian							Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian			Lujanian							Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian			Ensenadan							Middle Pleistocene	0.3 *
		Calabrian			Ensenadan							Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian			Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
		Gelasian			Sanandresian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Vorohuean							Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian			Chapadmalalan							Late Pliocene	2.9 *
		Zanclean			Chapadmalalan							Early Pliocene	3.6
					Montehermosan								3.7 *
					Huayquerian								4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian					Pannonian						7.246
					Chasicoan								7.9 *
					Mayoan								9.9 *
					Laventan								10.9 *
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5				Sarmatian					Middle Miocene	11.63
							Badenian						12.8 *
					Colloncuran		Badenian						13.7 *
		Langhian			Colloncuran								13.82
		Langhian			Friasian								15.4 *
		Burdigalian			Friasian							Early Miocene	15.98
					Santacrucian								16.2 *
					Colhuehuapian								17.4 *
		Aquitanian			Colhuehuapian								20.44
		Aquitanian			Deseadan								20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4									Late Oligocene	23.03
		Rupelian										Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian			Tinguirirican							Early Oligocene	28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3		Tinguirirican							Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian			Divisaderan							Late Eocene	35.9 *
		Bartonian										Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2										41.2
		Lutetian			Mustersan								41.9 *
		Ypresian			Mustersan							Early Eocene	47.8
		Ypresian			Casamayoran							Early Eocene	47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Riochican							Late Paleocene	56
					Itaboraian								56.9 *
					Peligran								58.9 *
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian										Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian			Tiupampan							Early Paleocene	62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8										66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7										72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6										83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4										100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3										113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2										121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2										125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1										132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6										145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5										149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4										165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4										168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5	Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian							425.6
		Gorstian						Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian					Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Telychian							436.3 *
		Aeronian							438.5
		Aeronian			Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian			Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				Late Cambrian		Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10								Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian								Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian								Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4				Middle Cambrian		St Davids		497
		Guzhangian									Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3				Early Cambrian		Branchian		Caerfai	509
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2						Branchian			514
		Stage 3							Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1									529
													538.8