PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous Subepochs	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Silurian Ages of Europe	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of Siberia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6														0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian				Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene								0.129
		Calabrian							Early Pleistocene								0.774
		Gelasian							Early Pleistocene								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Yushean				Late Pliocene								2.58
		Zanclean			Yushean				Early Pliocene								3.6
		Zanclean			Baodean				Early Pliocene								4.9
	Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Tortonian			Tunggurian												11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5		Tunggurian				Middle Miocene								11.63
		Langhian			Shanwangian				Middle Miocene								13.82
		Burdigalian			Shanwangian				Early Miocene								15.98
		Burdigalian			Xiejiaan												16.9
		Aquitanian			Xiejiaan												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4						Late Oligocene								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4						Early Oligocene								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3						Late Eocene								33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3						Middle Eocene								37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2						Middle Eocene								41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2						Early Eocene								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1						Late Paleocene								56
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8														66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7														72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6														83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4														100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3														113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2														121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2														125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1														132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6														145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5														149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4														165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4														168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3														174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2														184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1														192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4														201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4														208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				Melekhovian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian															254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian															259.51
		Wordian															264.28
		Wordian					Noginskian										264.9 *
		Roadian	Permian 3														266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2														273.01
		Kungurian		Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
		Artinskian		Pavlovoposadian		283.5
		Artinskian		Rusavkinian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian			303.7
				Khamovnikian			304.8
				Krevyakinian			305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Middle Pennsylvanian		Myachkovian	307
						Podolskian	308.9 *
						Kashirian	311.4 *
						Vereian	313.8
						Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian		Melekessian	315.2
						Cheremshanian	316.9 *
						Prikamian	318.6 *
						Severokeltmian	319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
					Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Late Mississippian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
					Protvian	324.4 *
					Steshevian	326.8 *
					Tarusian	329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Middle Mississippian	Venevian	330.9
					Mikhailovian	331.9 *
					Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Tulian	335.8 *
					Bobrikian	339.9 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian	Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
					Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian				Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				Kosovian	443.8
		Katian					Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian					Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								458.4
							Dobrotivian				458.5 *
							Oretanian				459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2					Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian					Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Arenigian				470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				Tremadocian				Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				Datsonian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
							Payntonian								486.8 *
							Payntonian								Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian					Iverian									489.5
												Aksaian				490.7 *
												Sakian				492.2 *
															Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian					Idamean									494
		Paibian					Idamean							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4				Mindyallan				Marjumian	Albertian †	Ayusokkanian			497
							Boomerangian						Ayusokkanian			499
							Boomerangian						Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian					Undillan									500.5
		Drumian					Floran									503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3				Templetonian				Topazan		Amgan/Solvan			504.5
							Templetonian				Delamaran					506.5
							Ordian									507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4										Waucoban †				509
													Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
																510.8 *
											Dyeran					511 *
													Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2													514
											Montezuman					514.8 *
											Montezuman		Atdabanian			515.6 *
											Begadean		Atdabanian			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											Tommotian			521
		Stage 2											Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1										Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
																	538.8