PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Australia	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Britain		European Faunal Units	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6												0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene										0.129
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene										0.774
		Gelasian			Early Pleistocene									MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene								Villanyian	MN 16	2.58
													Ruscinian	MN 16	3.1 *
														MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean			Early Pliocene									MN 15	3.6
														MN 14	4.2
														MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene								Turolian	MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian												MN 12	7.246
														MN 11	7.75
													Vallesian	MN 10	8.7
														MN 9	9.7
														MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5		Middle Miocene								Astaracian	MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian												MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian												MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene								Orleanian	MN 4	15.98
													Orleanian	MN 3	16.9
													Agenian	MN 2	20
		Aquitanian												MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian												MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4		Late Oligocene										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4		Early Oligocene										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3		Late Eocene										33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3		Middle Eocene										37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2		Middle Eocene										41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2		Early Eocene										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Late Paleocene										56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene										59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8												66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7												72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6												83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4												100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2												121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2												125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1												132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6												145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5												149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4												165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4												168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3												174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2												184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1												192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4												201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4												208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1	Kuzel		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
							Xiaodushanian	300 *
				Stephanian				Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian						Stephanian A	303.7
								Cantabrian	305 *
							Dalaun		305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			Middle Pennsylvanian			307
				Westphalian				Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian		Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
							Huashibanian	Westphalian A	318.5 *
				Namurian				Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Lousuan	Marsdenian	321.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Late Mississippian	Dewunian	Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
								Pendleian	327.4 *
					Shangsian		330.8 *	Pendleian
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Middle Mississippian	Shangsian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
					Jiusian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	335 *
						Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
						Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian	Ivorian		Tangbagouan	346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian	Hastarian		Tangbagouan	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					Jaani	433.4
		Telychian						Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5						445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						Datsonian	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
									Payntonian		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	486.8 *
									Payntonian		Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian							Iverian		Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Iverian		Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian							Idamean		Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						Mindyallan	St Davids		497
		Guzhangian							Boomerangian			499
		Drumian							Undillan			500.5
		Drumian							Floran			503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3						Templetonian			504.5
		Wuliuan							Ordian			507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4							Ordian	Caerfai		509
		Stage 4										510.8 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1									529
															538.8