PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian Epochs	Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Britain	European Faunal Units	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6				Saintaugustinean							0
		Meghalayan					Santarosean							0.0004
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian								0.0117
		Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean							0.014
		Chibanian					Rancholabrean							0.129
		Chibanian					Irvingtonian							0.21
		Calabrian					Irvingtonian							0.774
		Calabrian					Blancan							1.4
		Gelasian											MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Yushean						Villanyian	MN 16	2.58
												Ruscinian	MN 16	3.1 *
													MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean											MN 15	3.6
													MN 14	4.2
							Hemphillian						MN 14	4.7
						Baodean							MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian										Turolian	MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian											MN 12	7.246
													MN 11	7.75
												Vallesian	MN 10	8.7
							Clarendonian						MN 10	9.4
													MN 9	9.7
						Tunggurian							MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5									Astaracian		11.63
							Barstovian							12.5
													MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian				Shanwangian							MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian										Orleanian	MN 4	15.98
							Hemingfordian						MN 4	16.3
						Xiejiaan	Hemingfordian						MN 3	16.9
							Arikareean						MN 3	18.5
												Agenian	MN 2	20
		Aquitanian											MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian											MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4											23.03
		Rupelian												27.82
							Whitneyan							29.5
							Orellan							31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3				Chadronian							33.9
		Priabonian					Duchesnean							37
		Bartonian					Duchesnean							37.71
		Bartonian					Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2				Uintan							41.2
		Lutetian					Bridgerian							46.2
		Ypresian					Bridgerian							47.8
							Wasatchian							50.5
							Clarkforkian							54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1				Clarkforkian							56
		Thanetian					Tiffanian							56.2
		Selandian					Tiffanian							59.2
		Selandian					Torrejonian							60.9
		Danian					Torrejonian							61.6
		Danian					Puercan							63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8											66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7											72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6											83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4											100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4	168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian			300 *
		Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian			303.7
		Kasimovian			Dalaun			305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Middle Pennsylvanian				307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Late Mississippian	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Late Mississippian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Middle Mississippian	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Middle Mississippian	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				Late Cambrian	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10							Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian							Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian							Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4				Middle Cambrian	St Davids		497
		Guzhangian								Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3				Branchian	Early Cambrian		Caerfai	509
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2				Branchian				514
		Stage 3					Placentian				517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1								529
														538.8