PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of North America		Ordovician of China		Silurian of the Baltic	Central Paratethys Stages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian Ages of Europe	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6											Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															Tarantian	0.0117
		Chibanian															Ionian	0.129
		Chibanian													Castlecliffian		Ionian	0.34
		Calabrian													Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian													Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian													Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian													Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian													Waipipian			3
		Zanclean													Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean													Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian												Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian													Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian											Pannonian		Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian											Pannonian	Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5										Sarmatian					11.63
													Badenian					12.8 *
													Badenian		Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian													Lillburnian			13.82
															Clifdenian			15.1
														Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian													Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian													Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian													Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian												Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4												Waitakian			23.03
															Duntroonian			25.2
															Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3															33.9
														Arnold	Runangan			34.6
															Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian													Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian													Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2												Bortonian			41.2
														Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
															Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian													Heretaungan			47.8
															Mangaorapan			48.9
															Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1												Teurian			56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8											Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7												Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6												Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian												Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
															Mangaotanean			90.5
															Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5												Arowhanan			93.9
														Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
															Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4												Motuan			100.5
															Urutawan			103.3
														Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												Korangan			113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3															117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2															121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2															125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian			Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian				Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian				Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian				Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	Gleedonian	427.4
								Jaagarahu	Gleedonian	429.2 *
									Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					Jaani		433.4
		Telychian						Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian						Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Hunjiang †				Darriwilian		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2					Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2					Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Xinchangian			477.7
										Lianghekou †	477.9 *
										Lianghekou †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Batyrbaian				Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				485.4
		Stage 10													Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian														489.5
				Aksaian												490.7 *
				Sakian												492.2 *
															Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian														494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian						494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian							Marjumian				Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian												499.5
		Drumian		Mayan/Menevian												500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Amgan/Solvan							Topazan					504.5
		Wuliuan									Delamaran					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													Waucoban †	509
				Toyonian				Lenian †								510 *
				Toyonian							Dyeran					511 *
				Botomian												512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2													514
											Montezuman					514.8 *
				Atdabanian							Montezuman					515.6 *
				Atdabanian							Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian												521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian												525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †	529
																		538.8