PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous Subepochs	Mesozoic Subages		Devonian Subages	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cambrian of North America	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6											0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5											11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4									Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4									Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3									Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3									Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2											41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2										Bumbanian	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1									Gashatan		56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				Senonian					66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian									72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Late Albian				Gallic					100.5
					Middle Albian									106.2 *
					Early Albian									109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Late Aptian									113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Early Aptian									119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2		Late Barremian/Early Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				Neocomian					125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian			Late Berriasian									139.8
					Middle Berriasian									140.6 *
					Early Berriasian									142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		Late Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian									152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian									168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian									168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian									174.7
					Middle Toarcian									180.4 *
					Early Toarcian									182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4											201.4
		Norian			Sevatian									208.5
					Alaunian									213.2 *
					Lacian									216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Tuvalian									227
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Julian									233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian		Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian					Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian						305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					Late Famennian		358.9
								Middle Famennian		365.3 *
								Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4					Late Frasnian		372.2
								Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
								Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					Late Givetian		382.7
								Middle Givetian		383.7 *
								Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian						Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian						Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2					Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1					Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian						Late Lochkovian	410.8
								Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			Marjumian			Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian								Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			Topazan					504.5
		Wuliuan				Delamaran					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Delamaran			Branchian	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4				Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2			Dyeran					514
						Montezuman					514.8 *
						Montezuman			Placentian		517.1
				Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1			529
														538.8