PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous Subepochs	European Faunal Units	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of the Baltic			European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6			Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian						0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan					MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian					MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Villanyian		Mangapanian					MN 16	2.58
					Villanyian		Waipipian						3
					Ruscinian								3.1 *
												MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean											3.6
							Opoitian						3.7
												MN 14	4.2
												MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian			Turolian	Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian										MN 12	7.246
												MN 11	7.75
					Vallesian							MN 10	8.7
												MN 9	9.7
						Southland	Waiauan					MN 9	11.04
												MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5		Astaracian							MN 7 + 8	11.63
												MN 6	12.8 *
							Lillburnian					MN 6	13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian					MN 5	13.82
							Clifdenian						15.1
						Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian			Orleanian							MN 4	15.98
												MN 3	16.9
							Otaian					MN 3	18.7
					Agenian							MN 2	20
		Aquitanian											20.44
						Landon	Waitakian						21.7
												MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4										23.03
							Duntroonian						25.2
							Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3										33.9
						Arnold	Runangan						34.6
							Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan						37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2				Bortonian						41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
							Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan						47.8
							Mangaorapan						48.9
							Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1				Teurian						56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Senonian		Mata	Haumurian						66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7				Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6				Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
							Mangaotanean						90.5
							Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5				Arowhanan	93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
							Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4	Gallic			Motuan	100.5
							Urutawan	103.3
						Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3					117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3					174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2					184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian							Pirgu	445.2
									Vormsi	449.6 *
									Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
									Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						Keila	Idavere †	453
									Haljala		453.9
									Kukruse		456.4 *
									Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				458.4		Uhaku
							Lasnamagi		458.9 *
							Aseri		460.4 *
							Oeland	Kunda	462.9 *
								Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
				Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian		Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
						Latorp †			470.1 *
				Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Hunneberg					477.7
				Varangu					481.3 *
				Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Pakerort					485.4
									486.3 *
									486.5
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3						509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1						529
													538.8