PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 2 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian Subages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of Eastern North America		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cambrian of Siberia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6											0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene								0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene								0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene								2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian				Late Miocene								7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5			Middle Miocene								11.63
		Langhian				Middle Miocene								13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene								15.98
		Aquitanian				Early Miocene								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4			Late Oligocene								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4			Early Oligocene								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3			Late Eocene								33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3			Middle Eocene								37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2			Middle Eocene								41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2			Early Eocene								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Late Paleocene								56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Senonian										66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7											72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6											83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4	Gallic										100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	Neocomian										125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1											132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6											145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5											149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4											165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4											168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3											174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2											184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1											192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4											201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4											208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Zechstein				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Rotliegendes				259.51
		Wordian												264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2											273.01
		Artinskian								Autunian				283.5
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1											293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5						Mapingian †					298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7				Mapingian †
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				Late Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
							Middle Famennian		365.3 *
							Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4				Late Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
							Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
							Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				Late Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian		382.7
							Middle Givetian				383.7 *
							Early Givetian				385.9 *
		Eifelian					Late Eifelian	Southwoodian			387.7
		Eifelian					Early Eifelian	Southwoodian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				Late Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian		393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2				Early Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1				Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian					Late Lochkovian				410.8
							Middle Lochkovian				412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian				415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5						445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Ungurian					477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Ungurian					Mansian †		483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Batyrbaian					Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian					Batyrbaian				489.5
				Aksaian					Aksaian				490.7 *
				Sakian					Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian											494
		Paibian										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian					Ayusokkanian				497
		Guzhangian							Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian		Zhanaarykian									500.5
		Drumian		Tuesaian									503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Tuesaian					Amgan/Solvan				504.5
		Wuliuan											505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
				Toyonian					Toyonian		Lenian †		510 *
				Botomian					Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Botomian					Botomian				514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian					Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian					Tommotian				521
		Stage 2							Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1						Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †		529
														538.8