PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of the Salt Range	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Devonian Subages	Silurian of the Baltic	Mesozoic Subages	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6		Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian											Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian							Middle Pleistocene	0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian							Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian							Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian							Late Pliocene	3
		Zanclean				Waipipian							Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian							Early Pliocene	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean							Late Miocene	5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan								7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5			Waiauan							Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian								13.82
						Clifdenian								15.1
					Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian							Early Miocene	15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4			Waitakian							Late Oligocene	23.03
						Duntroonian								25.2
						Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian											Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3										Late Eocene	33.9
					Arnold	Runangan								34.6
						Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan							Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2			Bortonian								41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
						Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan							Early Eocene	47.8
						Mangaorapan								48.9
						Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Teurian							Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian											Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian											Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Senonian	Mata	Haumurian						Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7			Haumurian						Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6			Piripauan						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		86.1
		Coniacian										Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian										Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
						Mangaotanean								90.5
						Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5			Arowhanan						Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
						Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4	Gallic		Motuan						Late Albian		100.5
						Urutawan						Late Albian		103.3
						Urutawan						Middle Albian		106.2 *
					Taitai	Korangan						Middle Albian		108.4
												Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3									Late Aptian		113
												Late Aptian		117.5
												Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2				Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	Neocomian			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian	139.8
							Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
							Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian					Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian					Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Late Bajocian	168.2
									Late Bajocian	Humphresianum	168.4
									Early Bajocian	Humphresianum	168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		Thouarsense	Late Toarcian	174.7
										Late Toarcian	180.1
										Middle Toarcian	180.4 *
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			Middle Toarcian	182
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			Early Toarcian	182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4								201.4
		Norian								Sevatian	208.5
										Alaunian	213.2 *
										Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3							Tuvalian	227
		Carnian	Triassic 3							Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2							Longobardian	237
		Ladinian								Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian								Illyrian	242
										Pelsonian	243.8 *
										Bithynian	244.7 *
										Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1							Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian								Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan								Dienerian	251.2
										Griesbachian	251.4 *
										Griesbachian	Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4								Kathwai	251.902
												252.4 *
											Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian									Chhidru	254.14
											Kalabagh	255 *
											Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
		Wordian										264.28
												265.3 *
											Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3								Amb	266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3									270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2									273.01
		Artinskian										283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1									293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5									298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5									303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4									307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Late Famennian						358.9
						Middle Famennian						365.3 *
						Early Famennian						368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4			Late Frasnian						372.2
				Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
				Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Late Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian	383.7 *
				Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		Jaani	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian	445.2
							Richmondian	446 *
							Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian		450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				Chatfieldian		453
							Turinian		453.7 *
						Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor			457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2							467.3
		Dapingian					Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †		470
		Floian					Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				Tulean					477.7
							Stairsian					480.3 *
							Skullrockian			Demingian †		482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				Skullrockian					485.4
		Stage 10										487.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4								500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3								509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1								529
														538.8