PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of China			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6														0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5														11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3														33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3														37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2														41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1														56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Senonian													66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7														72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6														83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4	Gallic													100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3														113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2														121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	Neocomian													125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1														132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6								Oteke	Puaroan					145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5								Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
											Kawhia	Ohauan					150
												Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Callovian										Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4														165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4														168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Toarcian									Herangi	Ururoan					176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2									Ururoan					184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2									Aratauran					188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1														192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4								Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian										Warepan					208.5
												Otamitan					217
												Oretian					221
		Carnian	Triassic 3									Oretian					227
		Carnian	Triassic 3								Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2									Kaihikuan					237
		Ladinian										Etalian					238
		Anisian										Etalian					242
		Anisian										Malakovian					246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1									Malakovian					247.2
		Olenekian										Nelsonian					249
		Induan			251.2							Nelsonian
		Induan			DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian	264.28
		Wordian				Barettian	266
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian				Mangapirian	283.5
						Telfordian	285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Hirnantian			Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian				Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian			Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian			Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	Yiyangian					470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian					477.7
								Lianghekou †	477.9 *
								Lianghekou †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Batyrbaian			Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian				Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10											Festiniogian	Niuchehean		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian												Jiangshanian		489.5
				Aksaian												490.7 *
				Sakian												492.2 *
													Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian												Paibian		494
								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian								494.7 *
								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian							Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian								St Davids		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian										Guzhangian		499.5
		Drumian		Mayan/Menevian										Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Amgan/Solvan										Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Amgan/Solvan								Caerfai		Duyunian		509
				Toyonian			Lenian †									510 *
				Botomian												512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Botomian										Nangaoian		514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian										Nangaoian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian										Meishucunian		521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian												525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1				Manykaian †									529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1				Manykaian †							Jinnigian		530.7
																	538.8