PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of the Baltic				Cambrian of Britain		Mesozoic Subages		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Devonian of Germany	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ammonite Chrons of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6																			0
		Northgrippian																				0.0042
		Greenlandian																				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																				0.0117
		Chibanian																				0.129
		Calabrian																				0.774
		Gelasian																				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																				5.333
		Tortonian																				7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5																			11.63
		Langhian																				13.82
		Burdigalian																				15.98
		Aquitanian																				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4																			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4																			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3																			33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3																			37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2																			41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2																			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1																			56
		Selandian																				59.2
		Danian																				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Senonian							Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7								Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian											72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6								Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian									Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian									Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5								Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4	Gallic							Late Albian											100.5
											Middle Albian											106.2 *
											Early Albian											109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3								Late Aptian											113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3								Early Aptian											119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2								Late Barremian/Early Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	Neocomian							Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1								Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian									Late Berriasian											139.8
											Middle Berriasian											140.6 *
											Early Berriasian											142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6								Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian										145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6								Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian										146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5								Late Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Kimmeridgian									Early Kimmeridgian											152.2 *
		Oxfordian									Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										154.8
		Oxfordian										Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4								Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian									Late Bajocian								Epizigzagiceras			168.2
											Late Bajocian								Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			168.4
											Early Bajocian								Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3								Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian								Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Late Toarcian								Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta			174.7
																			Planulata			179.3 *
																					Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
											Middle Toarcian											180.4 *
																			Kanense			181.3 *
																			Carlottense			182.3 *
											Early Toarcian								Carlottense			182.9 *
											Early Toarcian								Kunae			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian								Kunae			184.2
																			Freboldi			185.1 *
																			Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras		186.2 *
						189.2 *														Tetraspidoceras
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras			Psiloceras	196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian			Sevatian				208.5
					Alaunian				213.2 *
					Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Tuvalian				227
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		Longobardian				237
		Ladinian			Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian				242
					Pelsonian				243.8 *
					Bithynian				244.7 *
					Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian				251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian				251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4						Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Buntsandstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian							Leine	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2							273.01
		Artinskian								283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5							298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5							303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4							307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3							323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2							330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4							Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							Givetian	Srbsko		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	Eifelian						Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Emsian						Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	Siegen						Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	Gedinnine						Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1								433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5								Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian										Pirgu	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †		Wufeng †	Chientangkiangian	445.2
												Pirgu				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang		449.5
												Vormsi						449.6 *
												Vormsi	Berounian					449.7 *
												Nabala						Johvi †	450 *
											Viru	Rakvere							450.6 *
												Oandu							452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4									Keila						Idavere †	453
												Haljala							453.9
												Haljala							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Kukruse									456.4 *
												Uhaku						Aluoja †			457.5 *
														Liben †							458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3												Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo					458.4
						Dobrotivian							458.5 *
						Dobrotivian						Lasnamagi	458.9 *
						Oretanian	459.7 *					Lasnamagi
							Aseri	460.4 *
							Aseri	Sarka †					461.7 *
							Oeland				Kunda		462.9 *
													Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
														Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
											Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2					Klabava †							Dapingian			467.3
						Arenigian												468
											Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian													Yiyangian			470
													Latorp †					470.1 *
											Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Tremadocian									Xinchangian			477.7
																Lianghekou †		477.9 *
											Varangu							481.3 *
					Pakerort						482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		Pakerort						Merioneth		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan							485.4
																				486.3 *
																				486.5
									Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian							Festiniogian				489.5
		Jiangshanian							Maentwrogian				493.1 *
		Paibian							Maentwrogian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						St Davids				497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4										500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3						Caerfai				509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1										529
																						538.8