PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian of France	Cambrian of China		North American Land Mammal Ages	Ordovician of Australia	Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Britain	European Faunal Units	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6					Saintaugustinean							0
		Meghalayan						Santarosean							0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean							0.014
		Chibanian						Rancholabrean							0.129
		Chibanian						Irvingtonian							0.21
		Calabrian						Irvingtonian							0.774
		Calabrian						Blancan							1.4
		Gelasian												MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Villanyian	MN 16	2.58
													Ruscinian	MN 16	3.1 *
														MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean												MN 15	3.6
														MN 14	4.2
								Hemphillian						MN 14	4.7
														MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian											Turolian	MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian												MN 12	7.246
														MN 11	7.75
													Vallesian	MN 10	8.7
								Clarendonian						MN 10	9.4
														MN 9	9.7
														MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5										Astaracian		11.63
								Barstovian							12.5
														MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian												MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian											Orleanian	MN 4	15.98
								Hemingfordian						MN 4	16.3
								Hemingfordian						MN 3	16.9
								Arikareean						MN 3	18.5
													Agenian	MN 2	20
		Aquitanian												MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian												MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4												23.03
		Rupelian													27.82
								Whitneyan							29.5
								Orellan							31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3					Chadronian							33.9
		Priabonian						Duchesnean							37
		Bartonian						Duchesnean							37.71
		Bartonian						Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2					Uintan							41.2
		Lutetian						Bridgerian							46.2
		Ypresian						Bridgerian							47.8
								Wasatchian							50.5
								Clarkforkian							54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1					Clarkforkian							56
		Thanetian						Tiffanian							56.2
		Selandian						Tiffanian							59.2
		Selandian						Torrejonian							60.9
		Danian						Torrejonian							61.6
		Danian						Puercan							63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Senonian											66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7												72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6												83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4	Gallic											100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2												121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian			Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian				315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Pragian			Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian					Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				Jaani	433.4
		Telychian					Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				Bolindian		443.8
		Katian		445.2			Bolindian
				Eastonian			449 *
				Gisbornian			452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	Gisbornian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian			458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Yapeenian			467.3
		Dapingian		Castlemainian			468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian			470
				Bendigonian			471.8 *
				Lancefieldian			473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Lancefieldian			477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Warendian			482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Niuchehean			Taoyuanian †			Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10		Niuchehean							Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian		Jiangshanian							Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian		Jiangshanian							Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian		Paibian								494
		Paibian		Paibian			Waergangian †/Youshuanian					494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Guzhangian			Wangcunian †			St Davids		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4	Drumian			Wangcunian †					500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Wuliuan/Taijangian								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	Duyunian						Caerfai		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Nangaoian								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	Meishucunian								521
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Meishucunian								529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Jinnigian								530.7
															538.8