PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Permian of Western Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Australia	Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of the Salt Range	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permian Subages of Germany
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6				Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Chibanian						Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian						Castlecliffian								0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian								2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian								3
		Zanclean						Waipipian								3.6
		Zanclean						Opoitian								3.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian						Tongaporutuan								7.246
		Tortonian					Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5					Waiauan								11.63
		Serravallian						Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian								13.82
								Clifdenian								15.1
							Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian						Altonian								15.98
		Burdigalian						Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4					Waitakian								23.03
								Duntroonian								25.2
								Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3													33.9
							Arnold	Runangan								34.6
								Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian						Kaiatan								37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2					Bortonian								41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
								Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian						Heretaungan								47.8
								Mangaorapan								48.9
								Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1					Teurian								56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Senonian			Mata	Haumurian								66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7					Haumurian								72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6					Piripauan								83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
								Mangaotanean								90.5
								Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5					Arowhanan								93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
								Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4	Gallic				Motuan								100.5
								Urutawan								103.3
							Taitai	Korangan								108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3					Korangan								113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3													117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2													121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	Neocomian												125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1													132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
						Planulata	179.3 *
						Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
						Kanense			181.3 *
						Carlottense			182.3 *
						Kunae			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Kunae			184.2
						Freboldi			185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi			Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
									Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras			Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1							192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras			196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian				Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4							201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4							208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1							247.2
		Induan								251.2
		Induan								Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4							Kathwai	Buntsandstein	251.902
												252.4 *
										Chhidru		252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian								Chhidru		Zechstein	254.14
										Kalabagh			255 *
										Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Rotliegendes	Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian										Leine	264.28
													265.3 *
										Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3							Amb			266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3										270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2										273.01
		Artinskian									Autunian		283.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1										293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5										298.9
		Gzhelian											Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian											Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian											Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4											307
		Bashkirian												315.2
													Huashibanian	318.5 *
													Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3										Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3										Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2										Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Carboniferous 2										Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					Tangbagouan					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5										358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4										372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3										382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3										387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian		Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		Hirnantian								Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian			Chientangkiangian									Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang										449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang										453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		Darriwilian								Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		Darriwilian								Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2		Dapingian										467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		Yiyangian										470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Xinchangian										477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Xinchangian				Lianghekou †					477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		Datsonian										485.4
		Stage 10			Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian			Iverian	489.5
		Paibian			Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian			Boomerangian	499
		Drumian			Undillan	500.5
		Drumian			Floran	503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan			Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			Ordian	509
		Stage 4				510.8 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1			529
																538.8