PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous Subepochs	Mesozoic Subages		European Faunal Units	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6					Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian							Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan		MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian		MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Villanyian		Mangapanian		MN 16	2.58
							Villanyian		Waipipian			3
							Ruscinian					3.1 *
											MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean										3.6
									Opoitian			3.7
											MN 14	4.2
											MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					Turolian	Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian									MN 12	7.246
											MN 11	7.75
							Vallesian				MN 10	8.7
											MN 9	9.7
								Southland	Waiauan		MN 9	11.04
											MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5				Astaracian				MN 7 + 8	11.63
											MN 6	12.8 *
									Lillburnian		MN 6	13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian		MN 5	13.82
									Clifdenian			15.1
								Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian					Orleanian				MN 4	15.98
											MN 3	16.9
									Otaian		MN 3	18.7
							Agenian				MN 2	20
		Aquitanian										20.44
								Landon	Waitakian			21.7
											MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4									23.03
									Duntroonian			25.2
									Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3									33.9
								Arnold	Runangan			34.6
									Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2						Bortonian			41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
									Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian							Heretaungan			47.8
									Mangaorapan			48.9
									Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1						Teurian			56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Senonian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
									Mangaotanean			90.5
						Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian	Arowhanan			93.9
						Clarence		Ngaterian	95.2
								Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4	Gallic	Late Albian			Motuan	100.5
					Late Albian			Urutawan	103.3
					Middle Albian			Urutawan	106.2 *
					Middle Albian	Taitai		Korangan	108.4
					Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Late Aptian				113
					Late Aptian				117.5
					Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2		Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	Neocomian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian			Late Berriasian				139.8
					Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
					Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian					168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian					174.7
					Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
					Early Toarcian					182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4							201.4
		Norian			Sevatian					208.5
					Alaunian					213.2 *
					Lacian					216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Tuvalian		227
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		Longobardian		237
		Ladinian			Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian		242
					Pelsonian		243.8 *
					Bithynian		244.7 *
					Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian		251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2							393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1							407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Harju				Porkuni	443.8
		Katian						Pirgu	445.2
								Vormsi	449.6 *
								Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
				Viru				Rakvere		450.6 *
								Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			Keila		Idavere †	453
						Haljala			453.9
						Kukruse			456.4 *
						Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Uhaku			458.4
						Lasnamagi			458.9 *
						Aseri			460.4 *
				Oeland		Kunda			462.9 *
						Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2			Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian				Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
								Latorp †		470.1 *
						Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Hunneberg				477.7
						Varangu				481.3 *
						Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Pakerort				485.4
										486.3 *
										486.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4							497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4							500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3							509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1		529
												538.8