PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of England		Ordovician of China			Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6															0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene	Lujanian													0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene	Lujanian													0.129
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene	Ensenadan													0.3 *
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene	Ensenadan													0.774
		Calabrian			Sanandresian	Uquian †												1.7 *
		Gelasian			Sanandresian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene	Vorohuean													2.58
		Piacenzian		Late Pliocene	Chapadmalalan													2.9 *
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene	Chapadmalalan													3.6
					Montehermosan													3.7 *
					Huayquerian													4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene														5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
					Chasicoan													7.9 *
					Mayoan													9.9 *
					Laventan													10.9 *
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene	Laventan													11.63
		Serravallian			Colloncuran													13.7 *
		Langhian			Colloncuran													13.82
		Langhian			Friasian													15.4 *
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene	Friasian													15.98
					Santacrucian													16.2 *
					Colhuehuapian													17.4 *
		Aquitanian			Colhuehuapian													20.44
		Aquitanian			Deseadan													20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene														23.03
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene														27.82
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene	Tinguirirican													28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene	Tinguirirican													33.9
		Priabonian		Late Eocene	Divisaderan													35.9 *
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene														37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2															41.2
		Lutetian			Mustersan													41.9 *
		Ypresian		Early Eocene	Mustersan													47.8
		Ypresian		Early Eocene	Casamayoran													47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene	Riochican													56
					Itaboraian													56.9 *
					Peligran													58.9 *
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene														59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene														61.6
		Danian		Early Paleocene	Tiupampan													62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8															66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7															72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6															83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4															100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3															113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2															121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2															125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1															132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6						Oteke	Puaroan								145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5						Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan								150
										Heterian								154.5
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Callovian								Temaikan								164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4															165.3
		Bajocian					Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
		Bajocian						Humphresianum			168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense			174.7
								Thouarsense	Herangi	Ururoan	176
											180.1
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				182
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni				184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				Balfour		Otapirian	201.4
		Norian							Warepan	208.5
									Otamitan	217
									Oretian	221
		Carnian	Triassic 3						Oretian	227
		Carnian	Triassic 3				Gore		Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2						Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian							Etalian	238
		Anisian							Etalian	242
		Anisian							Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1						Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian							Nelsonian	249
		Induan							Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan					DUrville		Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4						Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian							Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian							Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian							Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Aparima		Flettian	259.51
		Wordian							Flettian	264.28
		Wordian							Barettian	266
		Roadian	Permian 3							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2							273.01
		Kungurian							Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian							Mangapirian	283.5
									Telfordian	285
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5							Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5							Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4							Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4							Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle					Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle					Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale					Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian									425.6
		Gorstian								Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian								Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian			Wych					Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1								433.4
		Telychian									436.3 *
		Aeronian									438.5
		Aeronian			Cowleigh Park						439.3 *
		Rhuddanian			Cowleigh Park						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5								Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian									Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
								Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5	Kralodvorian
													Berounian	449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4											453
														Zahorany †/Vinice		Letna †	456.2 *
														Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo					458.4
						Dobrotivian							458.5 *
						Oretanian							459.7 *
													Sarka †			461.7 *
											Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	Sarka †			466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2					Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian				Arenigian		Dapingian								468
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian		Yiyangian								470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Xinchangian		Tremadocian								477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Xinchangian		Tremadocian				Lianghekou †				477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5													485.4
		Jiangshanian														489.5
		Paibian														494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4													497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4													500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3													504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3													509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1													529
																		538.8