PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Silurian of England		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6									0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene	Sheridanian							0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene	Sheridanian							0.129
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene	Cudahyan/Sappan							0.21
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene	Cudahyan/Sappan							0.774
		Calabrian			Senecan/Rexroadian							1.4
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene								2.58
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene								3.6
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene	Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian							4.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Tortonian			Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian							9.4
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian							11.63
		Serravallian			late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian							12.5
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene								15.98
					Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian							16.3
					late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian						18.5
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
						Monroecreekian						23.1 *
						Geringian						24.7 *
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene		Geringian				Kekeamuan		27.82
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene						Kekeamuan		29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Priabonian		Late Eocene						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		37
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Bartonian			Late Uintan/Early Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2		Late Uintan/Early Uintan							41.2
		Lutetian			Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian							46.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian						Bumbanian	47.8
					Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean							50.5
							Cf3/Cf2/Cf1					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1			Gashatan		56
		Thanetian		Late Paleocene			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			Gashatan		56.2
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1					59.2
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene			To3/To2/To1					60.9
		Danian		Early Paleocene			To3/To2/To1					61.6
		Danian		Early Paleocene			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1					63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8									66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7									72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6									83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4									100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3									113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2									121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2									125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1									132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6									145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5									149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4									165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4									168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3									174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2									184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1									192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5					303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian							425.6
		Gorstian			Buildwas			426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian			Buildwas			427.4
		Homerian			Wych	Woolhope		428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Telychian						436.3 *
		Aeronian						438.5
		Aeronian		Cowleigh Park	439.3 *
		Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1		529
												538.8