PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Zones	Devonian Subages	Central Paratethys Stages	Devonian of Eastern North America		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6										0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene									0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene									0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene	MN 17								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene	MN 16								2.58
		Piacenzian		Late Pliocene	MN 15								3.2
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene	MN 15								3.6
					MN 14								4.2
					MN 13								4.9
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene	MN 13								5.333
		Tortonian			MN 12		Pannonian						7.246
					MN 11								7.75
					MN 10								8.7
					MN 9								9.7
					MN 7 + 8								11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene	MN 7 + 8		Sarmatian						11.63
		Serravallian			MN 6		Badenian						12.8 *
		Langhian			MN 5								13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene	MN 4								15.98
					MN 3								16.9
					MN 2								20
		Aquitanian			MN 2								20.44
		Aquitanian			MN 1								22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4	Early Oligocene						Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3	Middle Eocene						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2	Middle Eocene									41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2	Early Eocene							Bumbanian		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene						Gashatan			56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8										66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7										72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6										83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4										100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3										113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2										121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2										125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1										132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6										145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5										149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4										165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4										168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3										174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2										184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1										192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4										201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4										208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1									Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1			251.2						Vokhmian
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5					303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					Late Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			358.9
								Middle Famennian				365.3 *
								Early Famennian				368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4				Late Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
							Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
							Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				Late Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian			382.7
							Middle Givetian					383.7 *
							Early Givetian					385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian		Southwoodian	387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian		Southwoodian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Late Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2		Early Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian				410.8
					Middle Lochkovian				412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian				415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
													538.8