PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6		Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene		Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene		Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene		Mangapanian				2.58
		Piacenzian		Late Pliocene		Waipipian				3
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene		Waipipian				3.6
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene		Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan				7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene		Waiauan				11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian				13.82
						Clifdenian				15.1
					Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene		Altonian				15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene		Waitakian				23.03
						Duntroonian				25.2
						Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene						33.9
					Arnold	Runangan				34.6
						Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene		Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2			Bortonian				41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
						Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian		Early Eocene		Heretaungan				47.8
						Mangaorapan				48.9
						Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene		Teurian				56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8		Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7			Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6			Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
						Mangaotanean				90.5
						Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5			Arowhanan				93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
						Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4			Motuan				100.5
						Urutawan				103.3
					Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			Korangan				113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3							117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2							121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2							125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1							132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Hirnantian			Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian				Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian			Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian			Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	Yiyangian					470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian					477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian				Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4					500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1		529
										538.8