PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of England		Ordovician of China			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6															0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene														0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene														0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene														2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean		Early Pliocene														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene														5.333
		Tortonian		Late Miocene														7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene														11.63
		Langhian		Middle Miocene														13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene														15.98
		Aquitanian		Early Miocene														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4	Early Oligocene														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene														33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3	Middle Eocene														37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2	Middle Eocene														41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2	Early Eocene														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene														56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene														59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8															66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7															72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6															83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4															100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3															113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2															121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2															125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1															132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				Oteke	Puaroan										145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan										150
								Heterian										154.5
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan										164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4															165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4															168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan										176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2					Ururoan										184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2					Aratauran										188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1															192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				Balfour	Otapirian										201.4
		Norian						Warepan										208.5
								Otamitan										217
								Oretian										221
		Carnian	Triassic 3					Oretian										227
		Carnian	Triassic 3				Gore	Kaihikuan										227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2					Kaihikuan										237
		Ladinian						Etalian										238
		Anisian						Etalian										242
		Anisian						Malakovian										246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1					Malakovian										247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian										249
		Induan			251.2			Nelsonian
		Induan			DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian	Zechstein	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan	Zechstein	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian					Flettian	264.28
		Wordian					Barettian	266
		Roadian	Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					273.01
		Kungurian					Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Autunian		Mangapirian	283.5
							Telfordian	285
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian				303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Middle Pennsylvanian				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Late Mississippian				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Middle Mississippian				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Early Mississippian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle				Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle				Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale				Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian								425.6
		Gorstian							Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian							Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian			Wych				Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Telychian								436.3 *
		Aeronian								438.5
		Aeronian			Cowleigh Park					439.3 *
		Rhuddanian			Cowleigh Park					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian								Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
										Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			Kralodvorian		449.5
													Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4												453
															Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
														Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo						458.4
													Dobrotivian				458.5 *
													Oretanian				459.7 *
														Sarka †			461.7 *
											Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		Sarka †			466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2							Dapingian				Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian								Dapingian			Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Yiyangian			Arenigian				470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1							Xinchangian			Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1							Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	Tremadocian				477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5														485.4
		Jiangshanian															489.5
		Paibian															494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4														497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4														500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3														504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3														509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2														514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1														529
																		538.8