PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cambrian of Australia	Permian of China	Ordovician of China			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ordovician of Britain		Permian of the Salt Range
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6															0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene														0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene														0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene														2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean		Early Pliocene														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene														5.333
		Tortonian		Late Miocene														7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene														11.63
		Langhian		Middle Miocene														13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene														15.98
		Aquitanian		Early Miocene														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4	Early Oligocene														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene														33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3	Middle Eocene														37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2	Middle Eocene														41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2	Early Eocene														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene														56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene														59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8															66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7															72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6															83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4															100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3															113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2															121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2															125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1															132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6															145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5															149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4															165.3
		Bajocian				Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites												168.2
		Bajocian					Humphresianum											168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense											174.7
						Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons												180.1
						Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum												182
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni												184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi												192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4															201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4															208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1															247.2
		Induan																251.2
		Induan															Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4						Meishanian								Kathwai	251.902
																		252.4 *
																	Chhidru	252.9 *
									Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian							Laoshanian									254.14
																	Kalabagh	255 *
					Wargal			256 *
								Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian						Kuhfengian	264.28
									265.3 *
					Amb				266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3		Amb				266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian						Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian						Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian						Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					Zisongian	293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1						Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5							Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
											300.1
									Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian									Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian									Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4							Middle Pennsylvanian	Cantabrian	307
									Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
											Westphalian C	309.8
				Westphalian B							314.6
		Bashkirian		Westphalian B						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
				Westphalian A							317 *
				Namurian					Yeadonian		318.8 *
									Marsdenian		320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
									Alportian		322 *
									Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						Chokierian	Late Mississippian	323.2
									Arnsbergian		324 *
									Pendleian		327.4 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Middle Mississippian					Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
									Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
									Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian					Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian					Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2								393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou				Wufeng †	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian							Rawtheyan	445.2
													Cautleyan	448.9 *
													Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							Pusgillian	449.5
												Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
													Cheneyan		451.5 *
													Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4												453
														Actonian †	453.2 *
														Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
														Longvillian †		455.2 *
													Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
													Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo					Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
							Guniu †/Hulo						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
					Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2			Dapingian					467.3
		Dapingian				Dapingian					Arenig	Fennian	468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian						Fennian	470
												Whitlandian	471.1 *
												Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Xinchangian					Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
							Lianghekou †					Migneintian	477.9 *
								Cressagian				480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		Datsonian								485.4
		Stage 10			Payntonian								486.8 *
		Jiangshanian			Iverian								489.5
		Paibian			Idamean								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		Mindyallan								497
		Guzhangian			Boomerangian								499
		Drumian			Undillan								500.5
		Drumian			Floran								503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		Templetonian								504.5
		Wuliuan			Ordian								507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			Ordian								509
		Stage 4											510.8 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1										529
																		538.8