PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of West Avalonia	South American Land Mammal Ages		Permian of North America		Permian of China	Ordovician of Britain				Ordovician of the Baltic	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6														0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene		Lujanian											0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene		Lujanian											0.129
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene		Ensenadan											0.3 *
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene		Ensenadan											0.774
		Calabrian				Sanandresian	Uquian †										1.7 *
		Gelasian				Sanandresian										MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene		Vorohuean										MN 16	2.58
						Chapadmalalan										MN 16	2.9 *
																MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene													3.6
						Montehermosan											3.7 *
						Montehermosan										MN 14	4.2
						Huayquerian										MN 13	4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene												MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian														MN 12	7.246
																MN 11	7.75
						Chasicoan										MN 11	7.9 *
																MN 10	8.7
																MN 9	9.7
						Mayoan											9.9 *
						Laventan											10.9 *
																MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene												MN 7 + 8	11.63
																MN 6	12.8 *
						Colloncuran										MN 6	13.7 *
		Langhian				Colloncuran										MN 5	13.82
		Langhian				Friasian										MN 5	15.4 *
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene		Friasian										MN 4	15.98
						Santacrucian										MN 4	16.2 *
						Santacrucian										MN 3	16.9
						Colhuehuapian										MN 3	17.4 *
																MN 2	20
		Aquitanian															20.44
						Deseadan											20.9 *
																MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene													23.03
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene													27.82
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene		Tinguirirican											28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene		Tinguirirican											33.9
		Priabonian		Late Eocene		Divisaderan											35.9 *
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene													37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2														41.2
		Lutetian				Mustersan											41.9 *
		Ypresian		Early Eocene		Mustersan											47.8
		Ypresian		Early Eocene		Casamayoran											47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene		Riochican											56
						Itaboraian											56.9 *
						Peligran											58.9 *
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene													59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene													61.6
		Danian		Early Paleocene		Tiupampan											62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8														66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7														72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6														83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4														100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3														113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2														121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2														125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Meishanian		251.902
		Changhsingian			Baoqingian		253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian		Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian			Wordian		Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		Roadian		Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		Leonardian		Cathedralian	Luodianian	273.01
		Kungurian					Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian							283.5
								Longlinian	285.4 *
					Wolfcampian		Lenoxian		286.1 *
		Sakmarian					Lenoxian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				Nealian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian							300.1
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Ashgill		Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan				Pirgu	445.2
						Cautleyan					448.9 *
						Pusgillian					449.3 *
				Caradoc		Streffordian				Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
									Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
						Cheneyan					Rakvere		451.5 *
						Cheneyan					Oandu		452 *
						Burrellian					Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								Keila	Idavere †	453
										Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
										Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
										Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †				455.2 *
											Kukruse			456.4 *
						Aurelucian								456.8 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					Uhaku			458.4
											Lasnamagi			458.9 *
											Aseri			460.4 *
						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					Aseri			461.3 *
									Oeland		Kunda			462.9 *
											Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
											Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2												467.3
				Arenig		Fennian									468.4 *
											Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian													470
												Latorp †			470.1 *
						Whitlandian									471.1 *
						Whitlandian					Hunneberg				473.7 *
						Moridunian									474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadoc		Migneintian									477.7
						Cressagian									480.8 *
											Varangu				481.3 *
											Pakerort				482.2 *
															485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5												485.4
															486.3 *
							486.5
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4				497
		Guzhangian					Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3				Branchian	509
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2				Branchian	514
		Stage 3					Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1					529
																	538.8