PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian of France	Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6								0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean		Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian		Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene							11.63
		Langhian		Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian		Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4	Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene							33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3	Middle Eocene							37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2	Middle Eocene							41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2	Early Eocene							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene							56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8			Senonian					66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7								72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6								83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4			Gallic					100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3								113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2			Neocomian					125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6								145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5								149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4								165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4								168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3								174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1								192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4								201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4								208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4					Dorashamian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Dzhulfian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Midian			259.51
		Wordian						Midian			264.28
		Wordian						Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3					Murgabian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					Kubergandian			273.01
		Kungurian						Bolorian			279.8
		Artinskian						Bolorian			283.5
		Artinskian						Yakhtashian			286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Pragian					Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Hirnantian				Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian					Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian				Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	Yiyangian						470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian						477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian					Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			497
		Guzhangian				Arcadian				498.4
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3			Branchian				509
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2			Branchian				514
		Stage 3				Placentian				517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
											538.8