PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 2 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Australia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China		Ordovician of Australia	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6										0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian					0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene									0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene									0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene								MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene				Yushean				MN 16	2.58
		Piacenzian		Late Pliocene								MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene								MN 15	3.6
												MN 14	4.2
								Baodean				MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene								MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian										MN 12	7.246
												MN 11	7.75
												MN 10	8.7
												MN 9	9.7
								Tunggurian				MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene								MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian										MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian						Shanwangian				MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene				Shanwangian				MN 4	15.98
								Xiejiaan				MN 3	16.9
												MN 2	20
		Aquitanian										MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian										MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4	Early Oligocene									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene									33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3	Middle Eocene									37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2	Middle Eocene									41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2	Early Eocene									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene									56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8										66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7										72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6										83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4										100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3										113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2										121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2										125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1										132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			Oteke	Puaroan						145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan						150
							Heterian						154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan						164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4										165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4										168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan						176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Ururoan						184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Aratauran						188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1										192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
		Norian			Warepan		208.5
					Otamitan		217
					Oretian		221
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Oretian		227
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2			Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian				Etalian	238
		Anisian				Etalian	242
		Anisian				Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian	249
		Induan				Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan			DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian	264.28
		Wordian				Barettian	266
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian				Mangapirian	283.5
						Telfordian	285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian					Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian						305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian				427.4
		Homerian		Whitwellian				429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Bolindian	443.8
		Katian						Bolindian	445.2
								Eastonian	449 *
								Gisbornian	452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					Gisbornian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					Darriwilian	458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2					Yapeenian	467.3
		Dapingian						Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Chewtonian	470
								Bendigonian	471.8 *
								Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Lancefieldian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Datsonian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
								Payntonian		486.8 *
								Payntonian		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian						Iverian		Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Iverian		Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian						Idamean		Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					Mindyallan	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian						Boomerangian			499
		Drumian						Undillan			500.5
		Drumian						Floran			503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3					Templetonian	Topazan		504.5
								Templetonian	Delamaran		506.5
								Ordian			507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4						Ordian		Waucoban †	509
											510.8 *
									Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2						Dyeran		514
									Montezuman		514.8 *
									Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1								529
													538.8