PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Australia	Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Devonian of Eastern North America		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6																			0
		Northgrippian																				0.0042
		Greenlandian																				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene																		0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene																		0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene																		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene																		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean		Early Pliocene																		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene																		5.333
		Tortonian		Late Miocene																		7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene																		11.63
		Langhian		Middle Miocene																		13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene																		15.98
		Aquitanian		Early Miocene																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene															Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4	Early Oligocene															Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene															Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3	Middle Eocene															Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2	Middle Eocene																		41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2	Early Eocene																Bumbanian		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene															Gashatan			56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene																		59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8																			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7																			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6																			83.6
		Coniacian																				86.3
		Turonian																				89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5																			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4																			100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3																			113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2																			121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2																			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1																			132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1																			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6																			145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5																			149.2
		Oxfordian																				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4																			165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4																			168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3																			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3																			174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2																			184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1																			192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1																			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4																			201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4																			208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3																			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2																			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2																			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1																		Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1																		Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4																			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Capitanian										Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian									Wordian										Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3								Roadian										Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2								Leonardian	Cathedralian										273.01
		Kungurian										Hessian										281.9 *
		Artinskian										Hessian										283.5
		Artinskian									Wolfcampian	Lenoxian										286.1 *
		Sakmarian										Lenoxian										290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				Adorf	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				Siegen			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian		Pirgu							Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
				Vormsi							Kralodvorian		449.6 *
				Vormsi							Berounian		449.7 *
				Nabala									Johvi †	450 *
				Viru						Rakvere				450.6 *
										Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							Keila			Idavere †	453
										Haljala				453.9
										Haljala				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Kukruse						456.4 *
										Uhaku			Aluoja †			457.5 *
												Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3													458.4
											Dobrotivian					458.5 *
										Lasnamagi	Dobrotivian					458.9 *
										Lasnamagi	Oretanian					459.7 *
										Aseri						460.4 *
										Aseri		Sarka †				461.7 *
				Oeland						Kunda						462.9 *
										Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
										Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2									Klabava †					467.3
											Arenigian						468
										Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian															470
													Latorp †				470.1 *
										Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1							Hunneberg	Tremadocian						477.7
										Varangu							481.3 *
										Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							Pakerort	Datsonian							485.4
																		486.3 *
																		486.5
											Payntonian							486.8 *
		Jiangshanian									Iverian							489.5
		Paibian									Idamean							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								Mindyallan							497
		Guzhangian									Boomerangian							499
		Drumian									Undillan							500.5
		Drumian									Floran							503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3								Templetonian							504.5
		Wuliuan			Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			Ordian	509
		Stage 4				510.8 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1			529
																						538.8