PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of the Baltic				European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6													0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene												0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene												0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene											MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene											MN 16	2.58
		Piacenzian		Late Pliocene											MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene											MN 15	3.6
															MN 14	4.2
															MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene											MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian													MN 12	7.246
															MN 11	7.75
															MN 10	8.7
															MN 9	9.7
															MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene											MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian													MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian													MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene											MN 4	15.98
															MN 3	16.9
															MN 2	20
		Aquitanian													MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian													MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4	Early Oligocene												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene												33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3	Middle Eocene												37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2	Middle Eocene												41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2	Early Eocene												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene												56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene												59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8													66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7													72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6													83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4													100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3													113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2													121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2													125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1													132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6													145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5													149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4													165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4													168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3													174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2													184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1													192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4													201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4													208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian		438.5		Adavere
		Aeronian		Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Kosovian			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
				Kralodvorian					Vormsi	449.6 *
				Berounian					Vormsi	449.7 *
									Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
									Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						Keila	Idavere †	453
									Haljala		453.9
									Haljala		Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Kukruse				456.4 *
									Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
								Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3										458.4
				Dobrotivian									458.5 *
				Dobrotivian					Lasnamagi				458.9 *
				Oretanian					Lasnamagi				459.7 *
									Aseri				460.4 *
								Sarka †	Aseri				461.7 *
							Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
									Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2					Klabava †						467.3
				Arenigian										468
									Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian												470
										Latorp †				470.1 *
									Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadocian					Hunneberg					477.7
									Varangu					481.3 *
									Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						Pakerort					485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4											497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4											500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3											509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1		529
																538.8