PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 2 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of the Baltic				Cambrian of China		Permian of North America		Carboniferous of North America	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6																		0
		Northgrippian																			0.0042
		Greenlandian																			0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene													Tarantian				0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene													Ionian				0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene																	0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene										Tertiary †							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean		Early Pliocene																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene																	5.333
		Tortonian		Late Miocene																	7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene																	11.63
		Langhian		Middle Miocene																	13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene																	15.98
		Aquitanian		Early Miocene																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4	Early Oligocene																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene																	33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3	Middle Eocene																	37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2	Middle Eocene																	41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2	Early Eocene																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene																	56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene																	59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8																		66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7																		72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6																		83.6
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4																		100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3																		113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2																		121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2																		125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1																		132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6																		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5																		149.2
		Oxfordian																			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4																		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4																		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3																		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2																		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1																		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4																		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4																		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1																		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1																		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4																		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													Longtanian †						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Capitanian										259.51
		Wordian									Wordian										264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3								Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2								Leonardian	Cathedralian									273.01
		Kungurian										Hessian									281.9 *
		Artinskian										Hessian									283.5
		Artinskian									Wolfcampian	Lenoxian									286.1 *
		Sakmarian										Lenoxian									290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		Nealian	Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian					Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian					Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian					Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Chesterian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				Chesterian	330.9
							Meramecian	335.8 *
							Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1							407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Harju						Porkuni	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian								Pirgu	Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
										Pirgu	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
										Vormsi				449.6 *
										Nabala				Johvi †		450 *
				Viru						Rakvere						450.6 *
										Oandu						452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							Keila				Idavere †		453
										Haljala						453.9
										Kukruse						456.4 *
										Uhaku				Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							Uhaku	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
										Lasnamagi						458.9 *
										Aseri						460.4 *
				Oeland						Kunda						462.9 *
														Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
												Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
										Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2							Volkhov	Dapingian						467.3
		Dapingian								Billingen	Dapingian						469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Yiyangian						470
														Latorp †			470.1 *
										Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1								Xinchangian						477.7
													Lianghekou †				477.9 *
										Varangu							481.3 *
										Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							Pakerort		Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †					485.4
																		486.3 *
																		486.5
		Jiangshanian										Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian										Paibian						494
		Paibian										Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian					494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4									Guzhangian	Wangcunian †					Series 3 †	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4									Drumian	Wangcunian †						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3									Wuliuan/Taijangian							Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3		Duyunian													509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2		Nangaoian													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2		Meishucunian													521
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1		Meishucunian													529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1		Jinnigian													530.7
																					538.8