PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian Ages of Europe	South American Land Mammal Ages		Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6								0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene		Lujanian					0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene		Lujanian					0.129
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene		Ensenadan					0.3 *
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene		Ensenadan					0.774
		Calabrian				Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
		Gelasian				Sanandresian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene		Vorohuean					2.58
		Piacenzian		Late Pliocene		Chapadmalalan					2.9 *
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene		Chapadmalalan					3.6
						Montehermosan					3.7 *
						Huayquerian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
						Chasicoan					7.9 *
						Mayoan					9.9 *
						Laventan					10.9 *
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene		Laventan					11.63
		Serravallian				Colloncuran					13.7 *
		Langhian				Colloncuran					13.82
		Langhian				Friasian					15.4 *
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene		Friasian					15.98
						Santacrucian					16.2 *
						Colhuehuapian					17.4 *
		Aquitanian				Colhuehuapian					20.44
		Aquitanian				Deseadan					20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene							23.03
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene							27.82
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene		Tinguirirican					28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene		Tinguirirican					33.9
		Priabonian		Late Eocene		Divisaderan					35.9 *
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene							37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2								41.2
		Lutetian				Mustersan					41.9 *
		Ypresian		Early Eocene		Mustersan					47.8
		Ypresian		Early Eocene		Casamayoran					47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene		Riochican					56
						Itaboraian					56.9 *
						Peligran					58.9 *
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene							61.6
		Danian		Early Paleocene		Tiupampan					62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8								66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7								72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6								83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4								100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3								113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2								125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6								145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5								149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4								165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4								168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3								174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5		303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian		427.4
		Homerian			Whitwellian		429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian					Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian			Guniu †/Hulo	458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	Yiyangian				470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian			Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4					500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3					509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1					529
											538.8